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9415 ressources
Ali Beddouche, Adil Kallat
Rajae Derrar, Nourredine Boutimzine
Said Anajar, Mohammed Moutaa Tatari, Jawad Hassnaoui, Sami Rouadi, Reda Abada, Mohammed Roubal, Mohammed Mahtar
La thyroïde linguale est secondaire à l'absence de migration de l'ébauche thyroïdienne. Cette dernière se développe sur place, c'est-à-dire au niveau du foramen caecum. Elle peut représenter le seul tissu thyroïdien retrouvé, ou être en association avec une thyroïde normale. La survenue d'un carcinome sur une thyroïde linguale constitue une situation exceptionnelle avec seulement une trentaine de cas décrits dans la littérature. Nous rapportons a travers notre observation un cas de carcinome vésiculaire survenu sur thyroïdien lingual.
Zakari Nikièma, Appolinaire Sawadogo, Carole Gilberte Kyelem, Rabiou Cissé
IntroductionDécrire les différents aspects échographiques de carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) et préciser l’apport de l’échographie dans le diagnostic des CHC dans le contexte burkinabè.MéthodesU+00C9tude prospective descriptive de 12 mois, réalisée dans les services de médecine interne et d’imagerie médicale du CHU Souro Sanou de Bobo Dioulasso, portant sur 58 patients ayant un CHC. Tous les patients ont bénéficié d’une exploration échographique abdominale et dans certains cas d’un dosage du taux d’alpha-foetoprotéine et d’un examen histologique hépatique. Les caractères échographiques des tumeurs et les signes extra tumoraux associés ont été notés.RésultatsCinquante huit patients d’âge moyen de 45,6 ±12,5 ans (extrêmes 22-77 ans), avec une nette prédominance masculine (n=44) étaient inclus dans l’étude. Le retard diagnostic était de plus de 3 mois dans 50,7%. L’échographie décrivait des grosses tumeurs (69% des cas), multinodulaires (67,2%), à majorité hyperéchogènes (70,7%). Cinq formes pseudo suppuratives étaient notées (8,7%). L’ascite (60,3% des cas) et la thrombose portale (56,8%) étaient les signes extra-tumoraux les plus fréquents. La thrombose cave inférieure (n=1) était rare. L’alpha-foetoprotéine était significativement élevée chez 10 patients (43,5%). L’examen histologique (n=20) décrivait un CHC chez 18 patients (90%).ConclusionAu Burkina Faso, le CHC est multinodulaire, hyperéchogène et de grosse taille avec une forme particulière pseudo abcédée. L’imagerie échographique est un examen complémentaire indispensable décrivant des aspects presque pathognomoniques du CHC. Toutefois, son association à l’histologie est plus utile que le dosage de l’alpha-foetoprotéine dans le diagnostic des CHC.
Khalid Rabbani, Tariq Ahbala, Mohamed Boulatar, Abdellatif Nebgui, Abdelouahed Louzi
Les carcinosarcomes des voies biliaires sont des tumeurs très rares. Leurs diagnostics et leurs prises en charge demeurent difficile. Nous rapportant le cas d'un patient chez qui le diagnostic a été suspecté devant un ictère cholestatique associé à une altération de l'état général. Biologiquement, la bilirubine, la phosphatase alcaline (PAL) et les gamma-glutamyl transférase (GGT) étaient élevés. L'imagerie a montré une tumeur de la tête du pancréas. L'exploration chirurgical, la biopsie tumorale et l'étude anatomo-immunohistochimique ont confirmé l'origine biliaire. Le but de notre cas est de montrer la difficulté du diagnostic et de la prise en charge ainsi que l'importance de l'étude anatomopathologique et immunohistochimique pour la confirmation du diagnostic.
Anthony Adeseye Adeniran, Omolade Oluwafadekemi Adegoke, Akinwumi Oluwole Komolafe
We present a case of cardiac tamponade that was precipitated by thoracocentesis and discovered at autopsy.
Jihad Drissi, Zakaria Idri, Jaouad Kouach, Driss Moussaoui, Mohamed Dehayni
La cardiomyopathie du péri-partum (CMP-PP) ou syndrome de Meadows, est une cardiomyopathie dilatée survenue pendant ou au décours d'une grossesse, définie par une insuffisance cardiaque avec une fraction d'éjection systolique du ventricule gauche inférieure à 45%. Il s'agit d'une entité pathologique rare dont le mécanisme physiopathologique en cause reste mal élucidé. Sur le plan clinique il s'agit d'une insuffisance cardiaque inopinée d'installation rapide, d'évolution imprévisible avec risque de choc cardiogénique réfractaire justifiant une prise en charge en réanimation cardiovasculaire. La CMP-PP ne nécessite aucun traitement spécifique par rapport aux autres causes d'insuffisance cardiaque. Nous rapportons le cas d'une primigeste de 29 ans qui a consulté à 32 semaines d'aménorrhée dans un tableau d'insuffisance cardiaque congestive en rapport avec une cardiomyopathie du péri-partum. L'objectif de ce travail est de préciser les caractéristiques de cette cardiopathie, qui malgré son caractère exceptionnel ne doit pas être méconnu par l'obstétricien.
Abdelmajid Bouzerda
La cardiomyopathie du péripartum ou cardiomyopathie gravidique primitive, est une entité rare et méconnue définie comme une insuffisance cardiaque systolique survenant le dernier mois de la grossesse ou les cinq premiers mois du postpartum en l'absence d'étiologie connue ou de cardiopathie préexistante. Nous rapportons l'observation d'une jeune patiente de 31 ans sans antécédents pathologiques particuliers admise pour une poussée d'insuffisance cardiaque gauche 1mois après son accouchement. Le contexte de péripartum nous a fait penser au diagnostic et a motivé la réalisation d'une Echocardiographie qui a confirmé cette entité.
Rania Hammami, Sana Ouali, Ilyes Naffeti, Sami Hammas, Slim Kacem, Rim Gribaa, Fahmi Remedi, Essia Boughzela
La cardiomyopathie hypertrophique néonatale est une entité rare, hétérogène regroupant plusieurs formes cliniques et donc de diagnostic étiologique difficile. Nous rapportons l'observation d'un nouveau né issu d'une grossesse gémellaire, ayant présenté à la naissance un tableau d'insuffisance cardiaque, l’échocardiographie avait conclut à une cardiomyopathie hypertrophique obstructive. Le bilan étiologique était négatif notamment une mère non diabétique. L’évolution était favorable avec régression de l'hypertrophie 2 semaines après la naissance. L’étiologie finalement suggérée était une cardiomyopathie secondaire à l'injection anténatale de corticoïdes dans le but d'accélérer la maturation pulmonaire. L’établissement par les sociétés savantes d'un consensus de bilan étiologique minimal standard selon une chronologie bien déterminée serait d'un grand apport dans la prise en charge de cette anomalie.
Georges Kinda, Georges Rosario Christian Millogo, Fla Koueta, Lassina Dao, Sollimy Talbousouma, Hassane Cissé, Aristide Djiguimdé, Diarra Yé, Claudine Lougue Sorgho
Notre travail avait pour objectif d’étudier les aspects épidémiologiques et écho-cardiographiques des cardiopathies congénitales au CHUP-CDG afin d'y faire l’état des lieux. Pour se faire, nous avons mené sur une période de 27 mois d'aout 2009 à mai 2010 et d'octobre 2011 à décembre 2011, une étude rétrospective des comptes rendus d’échocardiographies Doppler des patients admis dans le service d'imagerie médicale. Nous avons utilisé une sonde cardiaque de 5MHz sur appareil Aloka Prosound 4000 Plus. Durant la période d’étude, 380 examens écho-cardiographiques ont été réalisés et ont permis de mettre en évidence 109 cas de cardiopathies congénitales avec 138 entités nosologiques différentes. Les cardiopathies congénitales représentaient 0,98% des 11169 entrées. Les souffles étaient au premier rang des motifs de demande de l’échographie Doppler cardiaque (121 cas sur 380) soit 39,53%. Les CIV étaient au premier plan des cardiopathies congénitales (28,26%), suivies des CIA (23,19%), des sténoses pulmonaires (19,57%), des Tétralogie de Fallot (9,42%). Dans leur forme isolée, les CIA étaient les plus fréquentes avec 21,95% des cas, suivies des CIV avec 20,73%. Sur 138 cas de cardiopathies congénitales (chez 109 enfants), 53 cas ont été observés chez des enfants de sexe féminin et 56 cas chez des enfants de sexe masculin soit un sexe ration de 1,1. La tranche d’âge présentant une fréquence élevée de cardiopathie congénitale est celle de 1mois- 30 mois avec 55% des cas. Les cardiopathies congénitales de l'enfant sont une réalité en Afrique, leurs fréquences dans toutes les séries rapportées sont certainement sous estimées en raison de l'inaccessibilité de l’échocardiographie doppler.
Mathilde Lavigne-Robichaud, Edwige Tiwa Diffo, Chantal Brisson, Manon Levesque, Caty Blanchette, Alain Milot, Denis Talbot, Xavier Trudel
AbstractIntroduction:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) surveillance in Quebec and the rest of Canada is carried out using health administrative databases, which in Quebec includes the physician claims database. The presence of billing claims without diagnoses can lead to the number of CVD cases being underestimated. The purpose of this study is to estimate the proportion of CVD diagnoses and CVD cases that may be missing from these databases.Methods:The study was conducted using a prospective cohort of 8781participants living in the Qubec City area. Access to health administrative databases was granted for the entire 28-year follow-up period. First, we performed frequency analyses to estimate the proportion of missing CVD diagnoses. Then we used validated algorithms to identify CVD cases and estimate the proportion of CVD cases that were potentially not captured over the 28-year period.Results:About one-fifth (22.1%) of the diagnoses in the physician claims database were missing. The proportion of missing CVD cases was estimated at 12.7% for 1991–2018, although this varied with the period covered (1991–1996: 15.5%; 1997–2013: 10.7%; and 2014–2018: 16.3%).Conclusion:Approximatively 1 in 10 CVD cases are not identified due to a missing diagnosis. This underestimation of CVD cases is a potential limitation that should be considered when using Quebec health administrative databases to identify CVD cases for surveillance work and epidemiological studies.
Emelyne Gres, Sarah Louart, Bertrand Meda, Lucie Peters-Bokol, G. Désiré Kargougou, Gildas Boris Hedible, Abdoul-Guaniyi Sawadogo, Zineb Zair, Jacques Séraphin Kolié, Emmanuel Bonnet, Valéry Ridde, Valériane Leroy
BackgroundUnder-five mortality remains high in West Africa, where sick children are expected to first attend the primary health care before being referred to a hospital if necessary. However, little is known about how families navigate between home and higher levels of care to meet their children’s health needs, despite multiple known barriers (including social, financial, and geographical accessibility). We analysed the care pathways of children aged 0–5 years before they presented to the district hospital with a serious illness and the determinants of these care pathways in four West African countries.MethodsFrom May to August 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional study over a one-month data collection in seven district hospitals participating in the AIRE project aimed to introduce pulse oximetry at primary health care level in Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, and Niger. All children aged 0–5 years, classified as severe or priority cases by clinicians at referral district hospitals were included after parental consent. Data about care pathways since the onset of their disease were collected from caregivers, and the Levesque framework was used to analyse the accessibility issues.ResultsA total of 861 severely ill children were included, with 33% being neonates: 20.3% in Burkina Faso, 9.2% in Guinea, 9.5% in Mali, and 61% in Niger. In Burkina Faso and Niger, most children followed the recommended care pathway and first visited a primary health centre before arriving at the hospital, with 81.1% and 73.3% of children, respectively. However, they were only 51.2% in Mali and 13.9% in Guinea. Using alternative pathways was common, particularly in Guinea, where 30.4% of children first consulted a pharmacist, and Mali, where 25.6% consulted a traditional medicine practitioner. Overall, primary care was perceived to be more geographically accessible and less expensive, but parents were much less convinced that it could improve their child's health compared to hospital care.Conclu
Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Because effective antibiotic treatment exists, timely recognition of pneumonia and subsequent care seeking for treatment can prevent deaths. For six high pneumonia mortality countries in SSA we examined if children with suspected pneumonia were taken for care, and if so, from which type of care providers, using national survey data of 76530 children. We also assessed factors independently associated with care seeking from health providers, also known as ‘appropriate’ providers. We report important differences in care seeking patterns across these countries. In Tanzania 85% of children with suspected pneumonia were taken for care, whereas this was only 30% in Ethiopia. Most of the children living in these six countries were taken to a primary health care facility; 86, 68 and 59% in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Burkina Faso respectively. In Uganda, hospital care was sought for 60% of children. 16–18% of children were taken to a private pharmacy in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Tanzania and Nigeria. In Tanzania, children from the richest households were 9.5 times (CI 2.3–39.3) more likely to be brought for care than children from the poorest households, after controlling for the child’s age, sex, caregiver’s education and urban-rural residence. The influence of the age of a child, when controlling for sex, urban-rural residence, education and wealth, shows that the youngest children (<2 years) were more likely to be brought to a care provider in Nigeria, Ethiopia and DRC. Urban-rural residence was not significantly associated with care seeking, after controlling for the age and sex of the child, caregivers education and wealth. The study suggests that it is crucial to understand country-specific care seeking patterns for children with suspected pneumonia and related determinants using available data prior to planning programmatic responses.
Peder Digre, Evan Simpson, Shannon Cali, Belinda Lartey, Melissa Moodley, Ndack Diop
BackgroundMore than 500 000 young children die from dehydration caused by severe diarrhea each year, globally. Although routine use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) could prevent almost all of these deaths, ORS utilization remains low in many low–income countries. Previous research has suggested that misperceptions among caregivers may be an obstacle to wider use of ORS.MethodsTo better understand the extent of ORS utilization and the reasons for use or non–use in low–resource settings, the project team conducted a semi–structured, quantitative survey of 400 caregivers in Burkina Faso in 2014. All caregivers had a child below the age of five who had diarrhea lasting 2 days or more in the previous 2 months.ResultsAlthough more than 80% of caregivers were aware of ORS, less than half reported using it to treat their child’s diarrhea. Replacing fluids lost due to diarrhea was considered a low priority by most caregivers, and many said they considered antibiotics more effective for treating diarrhea. Users and non–users of ORS held substantially different perceptions of the product, though all caregivers tended to follow recommendations of health care workers. A significant proportion of users reported difficulty in getting a child to drink ORS. Costs and access to ORS were not found to be significant barriers to use.ConclusionsMisperceptions among caregivers and health workers contribute to low utilization of ORS. Better caregiver understanding of diarrheal disease and the importance of rehydration, as well as increased recommendation by health workers, will help to increase ORS utilization. Improving product presentation and taste will also help to increase use.
IntroductionTo design effective national diarrhea control programs, including oral rehydration solution (ORS) and therapeutic zinc supplementation, information is needed on local perceptions of illness, external care seeking behaviors, and home treatment practices.MethodsA cross-sectional, community-based household survey was conducted in the Orodara Health District, Burkina Faso. Caregivers of 10,490 children <27 months were interviewed to assess child diarrhea prevalence and related care practices. Characteristics of households, caregivers, children, and reported illnesses were compared for those caregivers who did or did not recognize the presence of diarrhea, as defined according to clinical criteria (≥3 liquid or semi-liquid stools/day). Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with illness recognition and treatment.ResultsClinically defined diarrhea was present in 7.6% (95% CI: 7.1–8.1%) of children during the 24 hours preceding the survey but recognized by only 55% of caregivers. Over half (55%) of the caregivers of 1,067 children with a clinically defined diarrhea episode in the past 14 days sought care outside the home; 78% of those seeking care attended a public sector clinic. Care was sought and treatment provided more frequently for children with fever, vomiting, anorexia, longer illness duration, and those living closer to the health center; and care was sought more frequently for male children. 80% of children with recent diarrhea received some form of treatment; only 24% received ORS, whereas 14% received antibiotics. Zinc was not yet available in the study area.ConclusionsCaregivers frequently fail to recognize children's diarrhea, especially among younger infants and when illness signs are less severe. Treatment practices do not correspond with international recommendations in most cases, even when caregivers consult with formal health services. Child caregivers need additional assistance to recognize diarrhea corr
Mamadou Bountogo, Clarisse Dah, Moussa Ouédraogo, Fanta Zerbo, Idrissa Kouanda, Elodie Lebas, Ian Fetterman, Jessica La Mons, Hadley Burroughs, Benjamin F. Arnold, Ali Sié, Catherine E. Oldenburg
ABSTRACTRelapse to acute malnutrition after recovery from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is common. However, most programmatic resources are devoted to the acute phase of recovery, and fewer interventions are available for children recently discharged from outpatient nutritional programs. We evaluated the feasibility of training caregivers to screen for relapse using mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) tapes for reducing time to detection of relapse among children recently recovered from SAM in Burkina Faso. Caregiver‐child dyads were enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 fashion to either caregiver MUAC screening or local standard of care (SOC), which consists of monthly clinic‐based follow‐up visits for 3 months following discharge. In the MUAC screening group, caregivers were trained on how to use a standard MUAC tape and asked to screen their child weekly with a provided MUAC tape for the 6‐month duration of the study. The primary outcome was time to relapse detection, defined as MUAC < 12.5 cm and/or weight‐for‐height Z‐score < −2. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization and/or death over the 6‐month study period. Of 200 caregiver‐child dyads enrolled in the trial, 99 were randomized to the MUAC screening group and 101 to the SOC group. By 6 months after enrollment, the hazard of relapse detection was lower in the MUAC screening group compared to the SOC group (hazard ratio, HR, 0.65, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.38–1.12). Fewer hospitalizations and/or deaths occurred in the MUAC screening group compared to the SOC group (MUAC: 3%; SOC: 14%, risk ratio 0.23, 95% CI, 0.07–0.79). Training caregivers to screen for relapse after recovery from SAM was feasible and may lead to modestly reduced time to detection of relapse, suggesting a full‐scale trial is warranted. Trial Registration: This study was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05932992, registered June 27, 2023). Summary Relapse to acute malnutrition after recovery from severe acute malnutrit
There is limited information on knowledge, perceptions, and management of sickle cell disease (SCD) in Africa in general and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in particular. This study explored knowledge, perceptions, and burden of 26 parents/caregivers of children with SCD in three selected hospitals in Kinshasa, DRC. We conducted a focus group with in-depth interviews with parents/caregivers of children affected with SCD. Four themes were discussed, including knowledge and perceptions, diagnosis and management, society’s perceptions, and the psychosocial burden and the quality of life of the family affected by SCD. The majority of participants/caregivers felt that society, in general, had negative perceptions of, attitudes toward, and knowledge about SCD. They reported that children with sickle cell are often marginalized, ignored, and excluded from society or school. They face a number of challenges related to care, management, financial difficulties, and a lack of psychological support. The results suggest the need to promote measures and strategies to improve knowledge and management of SCD in Kinshasa, DRC.
Franck Nzengu-Lukusa, Sylvain Yuma-Ramazani, Eddy Sokolua-Mvika, Angèle Dilu-Keti, Blanchard Malenga-Nkanga, Jean Baptiste Shuli, Donatien Kayembe Nzongola-Nkasu, Ferdinand Mbayo-Kalumbu, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
IntroductionEn République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), plus d'un million de don de sang ont été réalisés entre 2007 et 2011. Cependant, aucun bilan portant sur la carence en fer et l'anémie ferriprive, conséquence d'un don de sang chez les donneurs de sang (DS), n'est disponible dans ce pays. L'objectif de cette étude était d'estimer la prévalence de la carence en fer, de l'anémie et de l'anémie ferriprive chezles DS au Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS) à Kinshasa en RDC.MéthodesEntre Décembre 2012 et Août 2013, une étude transversale a été menée au CNTS où des DS éligibles au don de sang ont été inclus. Les informations socio démographiques et des prélèvements sanguins ont été collectés de manière simultanée au don de sang. La ferritine sérique a été dosée pour évaluer la carence en fer en utilisant la technique ELISA. L'hémogramme a été réalisé en vue d’évaluer et mettre au point l'anémie.RésultatsAu total 386 DS ont été inclus dans cette étude. La prévalence de la carence en fer et de l'anémie ferriprive étaient respectivement de 63,2% (244/386) et 25,9% (100/386) des DS. Une anémie a été trouvée chez 36.5% (141/386) au moment du don de sang.ConclusionLa carence en fer, l'anémie et l'anémie ferriprive demeurent très fréquentes chez les DS à Kinshasa. Ces résultats suggèrent la révision des tests biologiques utilisés dans le recrutement des DS au CNTS. Par ailleurs le dosage de la ferritine s'impose en routine chez les DS rég
Isidore MASSEDE, Stéphane MOUMBE TAMBA
RÉSUMÉIntroductionLa carie dentaire est une affection mondiale pouvant avoir des répercutions handicapantes. En Afrique, sa prévalence en milieu scolaire est très variable, due à la grande variabilité des habitudes alimentaires et d’hygiène bucco-dentaire. Cette étude vise à évaluer la prévalence de la carie dentaire, certains facteurs associés, et rechercher les pathologies bucco-dentaires associées à cette carie dans une circonscription de la ville de N’Djamena.Matériel et méthodeIl s’agit d’une étude transversale réalisée dans trois établissements du 7e arrondissement de la ville de N’Djamena. Au total, 360 élèves âgés de 6 à 12 ans ont été recrutés entre octobre 2021 et septembre 2022. Les données personnelles des participants (âge, sexe, classe, professions des parents) ainsi que les résultats de l’examen bucco-dentaire auquel ces derniers avaient été soumis ont été collectés, puis analysés.RésultatsAu total, 185 élèves avaient au moins une dent cariée, soit une prévalence de 51,4 %. Parmi eux, 45 % possédaient au moins deux dents cariées. L’établissement scolaire fréquenté et le grignotage entre les repas étaient significativement associés à la présence de la carie (p<0,05). Les dents 36 (première molaire inférieure gauche) et 46 (première molaire inférieure droite) étaient majoritairement les plus attaquées par la carie (respectivement 21 % et 22 %). L’indice CAO mixte était de 0,6 et la fréquence globale des dents cariées (FGC) était égal à 51,9 %. Les moments de brossage, le matériel et les types de produits utilisés pour le brossage influençaient significativement l’apparition de la carie (p<0,05). Les participants présentant une dyschromie dentaire présentaient plus de caries dentaires.ConclusionLa maladie carieuse était bien présente dans les écoles ciblées et constituait un réel problème pour les élèves. La mise en place d’une politique de santé bucco-dentaire basée sur l’odontologie préventive par la sensibilisation des enfants et leurs parents contrib
Assaf P. Oron, Dennis L. Chao, Echezona E. Ezeanolue, Loveth N. Ezenwa, Frédéric B. Piel, Osifo Telison Ojogun, Sophie Uyoga, Thomas N. Williams, Obiageli E. Nnodu
BackgroundMost of the world’s sickle cell disease (SCD) burden is in Africa, where it is a major contributor to child morbidity and mortality. Despite the low cost of many preventive SCD interventions, insufficient resources have been allocated, and progress in alleviating the SCD burden has lagged behind other public-health efforts in Africa. The recent announcement of massive new funding for research into curative SCD therapies is encouraging in the long term, but over the next few decades, it is unlikely to help Africa’s SCD children substantially.Main discussionA major barrier to progress has been the absence of large-scale early-life screening. Most SCD deaths in Africa probably occur before cases are even diagnosed. In the last few years, novel inexpensive SCD point-of-care test kits have become widely available and have been deployed successfully in African field settings. These kits could potentially enable universal early SCD screening. Other recent developments are the expansion of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine towards near-universal coverage, and the demonstrated safety, efficacy, and increasing availability and affordability of hydroxyurea across the continent. Most elements of standard healthcare for SCD children that are already proven to work in the West, could and should now be implemented at scale in Africa. National and continental SCD research and care networks in Africa have also made substantial progress, assembling care guidelines and enabling the deployment and scale-up of SCD public-health systems. Substantial logistical, cultural, and awareness barriers remain, but with sufficient financial and political will, similar barriers have already been overcome in efforts to control other diseases in Africa.Conclusion and recommendationsDespite remaining challenges, several high-SCD-burden African countries have the political will and infrastructure for the rapid implementation and scale-up of comprehensive SCD childcare programs. A globally fu
Engelbert A. Nonterah, Daniel Boateng, Nigel J. Crowther, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Abraham R. Oduro, Godfred Agongo, Shukri F. Mohamed, Palwendé R. Boua, Solomon S. R. Choma, Shane A. Norris, Stephen M. Tollman, Michiel L. Bots, Michèle Ramsay, Diederick Grobbee
Key PointsQuestionAre novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as carotid atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness) and microalbuminuria, associated with with 10-year atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk in sub-Saharan African adults free of established CVD?FindingsIn this cross-sectional study of 9010 adult participants, microalbuminuria measured using spot urine albuminuria was associated with both carotid atherosclerosis and a high 10-year risk of ASCVD.MeaningThese findings suggest that spot urine albuminuria can be used in rural and urban sub-Saharan African settings to screen for individuals with a higher risk of ASCVD; however, clinical events data may be needed to confirm these findings. This cross-sectional study evaluates the association of carotid atherosclerosis and microalbuminuria with 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in middle-aged sub-Saharan African individuals. ImportanceCarotid atherosclerosis and microalbuminuria are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but are understudied in sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of carotid atherosclerosis and microalbuminuria with 10-year ASCVD risk in middle-aged sub-Saharan African individuals.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study conducted analyses of baseline data from the African-Wits-INDEPTH (International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries) genomic study (AWI-Gen). Women and men aged 40 to 60 years without baseline CVD and drawn from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa were included.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHypotheses for the analyses were formulated after data collection. The main exposures were carotid atherosclerosis, assessed using carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) using B-mode ultrasonography, and microalbuminuria, measured using spot urine albumin (SUA) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR). The main ou
Abdou Azaque Zouré, Lanyo Jospin Amegnona, Nayi Zongo, Isabelle Touwendpoulimdé Kiendrebeogo, Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho, Fabienne Ingrid Zongo, Albert Théophane Yonli, Herman Karim Sombié, Aboubacar Hierrhum Bambara, Alexis Yobi Sawadogo, Marie N. L. Ouedraogo, Lassina Traoré, Sidnooma Véronique Zongo, Doriane Tatiana Lallogo, Bapio Valery Jean Télesphore Elvira Bazié, Théodora M. Zohoncon, Florencia W. Dijgma, Jacques Simpore
AbstractSeveral factors contribute to the development of breast cancer, including the immune system. This study is aimed to characterize the carriage of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB111 and 112 alleles in patients with breast cancer. This case-control study consisted of 96 histologically diagnosed breast cancer cases and 102 controls (cases without breast abnormalities). A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to characterize the carriage of HLA-DRB111 and 112 alleles. The HLA-DRB111 allele was present in 26.59% of cases and 22.55% of controls. The HLA-DRB112 allele was present in 56.63% of cases and 55.88% of controls. This study found no direct association between the carriage of the HLA-DRB111 and HLA-DRB112 alleles and the occurrence of breast cancer. In addition, the deletion of the HLA-DRB111 allele is associated (beneficial effect) with obesity/overweight (OR = 0.13; 95% CI [0.01–1.14]; and p = 0.03) which is a risk for breast cancer. No direct association was found between the carriage of HLA-DRB111 and 1*12 alleles and breast cancer risk. However, further investigation of other HLA alleles involved in the occurrence of breast cancer may provide more information.
Essonan Kadanga, Abdou Azaque Zouré, Théodora M. Zohoncon, Lassina Traoré, Bienvenu Désiré Ky, Albert Théophane Yonli, Djé Djénèba Aïda Traoré, Bapio Valery Jean Télesphore Elvira Bazié, Herman Karim Sombié, Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho, Sessi Frida Appoline Tovo, Kalifou Traoré, Teega-Wendé Clarisse Ouedraogo, Florencia W. Djigma, Jacques Simpore
BackgroundProstate cancer (Pca) is a public health problem that affects men, usually of middle age or older. It is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men and the fifth leading cause of death. The RNASEL gene located in 1q25 and identified as a susceptibility gene to hereditary prostate cancer, has never been studied in relation to prostate cancer in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to analyze the carriage of RNASEL R462Q and D541E mutations and risks factors in patients with prostate cancer in the Burkina Faso.MethodsThis case–control study included of 38 histologically diagnosed prostate cancer cases and 53 controls (cases without prostate abnormalities). Real-time PCR genotyping of R462Q and D541E variants using the TaqMan® allelic discrimination technique was used. Correlations between different genotypes and combined genotypes were investigated.ResultsThe R462Q variant was present in 5.3% of cases and 7.5% of controls. The D541E variant was present in 50.0% of cases and 35% of controls. There is no association between R462Q variants (OR = 0.60; 95%IC, 0.10–3.51; p = 0.686) and D541E variants (OR = 2.46; 95%IC, 0.78–7.80; p = 0.121) and genotypes combined with prostate cancer. However, there is a statistically significant difference in the distribution of cases according to the PSA rate at diagnosis (p ˂ 0.001). For the Gleason score distribution, only 13.2% of cases have a Gleason score greater than 7. There is a statistically significant difference in the Gleason score distribution of cases (p ˂ 0.001).ConclusionsThese variants, considered in isolation or in combination, are not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.
Aïda Djé Djénèba Traoré, Bienvenu Désiré Ky, Lassina Traoré, Théodora M. Zohoncon, Abdou Azaque Zouré, Albert Théophane Yonli, Herman Karim Sombié, Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho, Bapio Valery Jean Télesphore Elvira Bazié, Sessi Frida Appoline Tovo, Essonan Kadanga, Bélélé Siméon Bakyono, Kalifou Traore, Teega-Wendé Clarisse Ouédraogo, Florencia W. Djigma, Jacques Simpore
Background Genetic factors are one of the significant contributors to prostate cancer (PCa) development, and hereditary prostate cancer 2 (HPC2) locus gene ELAC2 is considered a PCa susceptibility region. The HPC2/ELAC2 gene has been identified by linkage analysis in familial prostate cancer patients in the United States but has never been studied in Burkina Faso. The objective of the present study was to analyze the carriage of the C650T (Ser217Leu) and G1621A (Ala541Thr) mutations of the ELAC2 gene and the risk factors in prostate cancer patients in Burkina Faso. Methods This case-control study included 76 participants, including 38 histologically confirmed prostate cancer cases and 38 healthy controls without prostate abnormalities. PCR combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to characterize the genotypes of the Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms of the ELAC2 gene. The correlations between the different genotypes and risk factors for prostate cancer were investigated. Results The C650T mutation was present in 44.73% of prostate cancer cases and 47.37% of controls. The G1621A mutation was present in 26.32% of prostate cancer cases and 15.79% of controls. We did not detect an association between prostate cancer risk and the Ser217Leu (p=0.972) and Ala541Thr (p=0.267) variants of the ELAC2 gene. Also, the two ELAC2 SNPs did not correlate with clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis, or the Gleason score on biopsies. However, we found that 100% of homozygous carriers of the T650 mutation have an A1621 mutation (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms of ELAC2, considered alone or in combination, are not associated with prostate cancer risk.