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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Global seroprevalence of Zika virus in asymptomatic individuals: A systematic review

  BackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) has spread to five of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Given the substantial number of asymptomatic infections and clinical presentations resembling those of other arboviruses, estimating the true burden of ZIKV infections is both challenging and essential. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence studies of ZIKV IgG in asymptomatic population to estimate its global impact and distribution.Methodology/Principal findingsWe conducted extensive searches and compiled a collection of articles published from Jan/01/2000, to Jul/31/2023, from Embase, Pubmed, SciELO, and Scopus databases. The random effects model was used to pool prevalences, reported with their 95% confidence interval (CI), a tool to assess the risk of study bias in prevalence studies, and the I2 method for heterogeneity (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023442227). Eighty-four studies from 49 countries/territories, with a diversity of study designs and serological tests were included. The global seroprevalence of ZIKV was 21.0% (95%CI 16.1%-26.4%). Evidence of IgG antibodies was identified in all WHO regions, except for Europe. Seroprevalence correlated with the epidemics in the Americas (39.9%, 95%CI:30.0–49.9), and in some Western Pacific countries (15.6%, 95%CI:8.2–24.9), as well as with recent and past circulation in Southeast Asia (22.8%, 95%CI:16.5–29.7), particularly in Thailand. Additionally, sustained low circulation was observed in Africa (8.4%, 95%CI:4.8–12.9), except for Gabon (43.7%), and Burkina Faso (22.8%). Although no autochthonous transmission was identified in the Eastern Mediterranean, a seroprevalence of 16.0% was recorded.Conclusions/SignificanceThe study highlights the high heterogeneity and gaps in the distribution of seroprevalence. The implementation of standardized protocols and the development of tests with high specificity are essential for ensuring a valid comparison between studies. Equally cruc

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieImmunologieSanté publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Global systematic review of cost of illness and economic evaluation studies associated with snakebite

  Chanthawat Patikorn, Doungporn Leelavanich, Ahmad Khaldun Ismail, Iekhsan Othman, Suthira Taychakhoonavudh, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk

  BackgroundSnakebite envenoming, a high priority Neglected Tropical Disease categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO), has been considered as a poverty-related disease that requires greater global awareness and collaboration to establish strategies that effectively decrease economic burdens. This prompts the need for a comprehensive review of the global literature that summarizes the global economic burden and a description of methodology details and their variation. This study aimed to systematically identify studies on cost of illness and economic evaluation associated with snakebites, summarize study findings, and evaluate their methods to provide recommendations for future studies.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Econlit for articles published from inception to 31 July 2019. Original articles reporting costs or full economic evaluation related with snakebites were included. The methods and reporting quality were assessed. Costs were presented in US dollars (US$) in 2018.ResultsTwenty-three cost of illness studies and three economic evaluation studies related to snakebites were included. Majority of studies (18/23, 78.26%) were conducted in Low- and Middle-income countries. Most cost of illness studies (82.61%) were done using hospital-based data of snakebite patients. While, four studies (17.39%) estimated costs of snakebites in communities. Five studies (21.74%) used societal perspective estimating both direct and indirect costs. Only one study (4.35%) undertook incidence-based approach to estimate lifetime costs. Only three studies (13.04%) estimated annual national economic burdens of snakebite which varied drastically from US$126 319 in Burkina Faso to US$13 802 550 in Sri Lanka. Quality of the cost of illness studies were varied and substantially under-reported. All three economic evaluation studies were cost-effectiveness analysis using decision tree model. Two of them assessed cost-effectiveness of having full access to ant

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Global, regional, and national burden of age-related hearing loss from 1990 to 2019

  Jinyu Man, Hui Chen, Tongchao Zhang, Xiaolin Yin, Xiaorong Yang, Ming Lu

  The global distribution and temporal trend of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) are unknown, and we aimed to investigate magnitudes and temporal trends of ARHL burden and its influencing factors at the national, regional, and global levels. Based on the information of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change to quantify the global, regional, and national temporal trends of age-standardized rates (ASRs) of ARHL by gender, age, and severity. The number of prevalent cases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ARHL increased from 751.50 million and 22.01 million in 1990 to 1456.66 million and 40.24 million in 2019, respectively. Except for a few countries such as Niger and Burkina Faso, the age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized DALYs rate showed a downward trend in most countries and regions. Mild ARHL accounted for the largest proportion in all ARHL, and only mild ARHL showed an upward trend in ASRs. In most regions, the proportion of ARHL disease burden attributable to occupational noise showed a downward trend in the past 30 years. In 2019, ARHL disease burden attributable to occupational noise declined with the increase of socio-demographic index in countries. Although the ASR of ARHL in most parts of the world is declining, the absolute disease burden of ARHL is still heavy. Understanding the real-time disease burden of ARHL and its temporal trend is of great significance for formulating more effective preventive measures and reducing the ARHL burden.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the(CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

  SummaryBackgroundAcute meningitis has a high case-fatality rate and survivors can have severe lifelong disability. We aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the levels and trends of global meningitis burden that could help to guide introduction, continuation, and ongoing development of vaccines and treatment programmes.MethodsThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2016 study estimated meningitis burden due to one of four types of cause: pneumococcal, meningococcal, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and a residual category of other causes. Cause-specific mortality estimates were generated via cause of death ensemble modelling of vital registration and verbal autopsy data that were subject to standardised data processing algorithms. Deaths were multiplied by the GBD standard life expectancy at age of death to estimate years of life lost, the mortality component of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A systematic analysis of relevant publications and hospital and claims data was used to estimate meningitis incidence via a Bayesian meta-regression tool. Meningitis deaths and cases were split between causes with meta-regressions of aetiological proportions of mortality and incidence, respectively. Probabilities of long-term impairment by cause of meningitis were applied to survivors and used to estimate years of life lived with disability (YLDs). We assessed the relationship between burden metrics and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure of development based on fertility, income, and education.FindingsGlobal meningitis deaths decreased by 21·0% from 1990 to 2016, from 403 012 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 319 426–458 514) to 318 400 (265 218–408 705). Incident cases globally increased from 2·50 million (95% UI 2·19–2·91) in 1990 to 2·82 million (2·46–3·31) in 2016. Meningitis mortality and incidence were closely related to SDI. The highest mortality rates and incidence rates were found in the peri-Sahelian countries that c

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)ImmunologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Global, regional, and national prevalence and mortality burden of sickle cell disease, 2000–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

  SummaryBackgroundPrevious global analyses, with known underdiagnosis and single cause per death attribution systems, provide only a small insight into the suspected high population health effect of sickle cell disease. Completed as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, this study delivers a comprehensive global assessment of prevalence of sickle cell disease and mortality burden by age and sex for 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated cause-specific sickle cell disease mortality using standardised GBD approaches, in which each death is assigned to a single underlying cause, to estimate mortality rates from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-coded vital registration, surveillance, and verbal autopsy data. In parallel, our goal was to estimate a more accurate account of sickle cell disease health burden using four types of epidemiological data on sickle cell disease: birth incidence, age-specific prevalence, with-condition mortality (total deaths), and excess mortality (excess deaths). Systematic reviews, supplemented with ICD-coded hospital discharge and insurance claims data, informed this modelling approach. We employed DisMod-MR 2.1 to triangulate between these measures—borrowing strength from predictive covariates and across age, time, and geography—and generated internally consistent estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality for three distinct genotypes of sickle cell disease: homozygous sickle cell disease and severe sickle cell β-thalassaemia, sickle-haemoglobin C disease, and mild sickle cell β-thalassaemia. Summing the three models yielded final estimates of incidence at birth, prevalence by age and sex, and total sickle cell disease mortality, the latter of which was compared directly against cause-specific mortality estimates to evaluate differences in mortality burden assessment and implications for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).FindingsBetween 2

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieHématologiePédiatrieLicence : This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Global, regional, and national survey on burden and Quality of Care Index (QCI) of orofacial clefts: Global burden of disease systematic analysis 1990–2019

  BackgroundOrofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial anomalies that include a variety of conditions affecting the lips and oral cavity. They remain a significant global public health challenge. Despite this, the quality of care for orofacial clefts has not been investigated at global and country levels.ObjectiveWe aimed to measure the quality-of-care index (QCI) for orofacial clefts worldwide.MethodsWe used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease data to create a multifactorial index (QCI) to assess orofacial clefts globally and nationally. By utilizing data on incidence, prevalence, years of life lost, and years lived with disability, we defined four ratios to indirectly reflect the quality of healthcare. Subsequently, we conducted a principal component analysis to identify the most critical variables that could account for the observed variability. The outcome of this analysis was defined as the QCI for orofacial clefts. Following this, we tracked the QCI trends among males and females worldwide across various regions and countries, considering factors such as the socio-demographic index and World Bank classifications.ResultsGlobally, the QCI for orofacial clefts exhibited a consistent upward trend from 1990 to 2019 (66.4 to 90.2) overall and for females (82.9 to 94.3) and males (72.8 to 93.6). In the year 2019, the top five countries with the highest QCI scores were as follows: Norway (QCI = 99.9), Ireland (99.4), France (99.4), Germany (99.3), the Netherlands (99.3), and Malta (99.3). Conversely, the five countries with the lowest QCI scores on a global scale in 2019 were Somalia (59.1), Niger (67.6), Burkina Faso (72.6), Ethiopia (73.0), and Mali (74.4). Gender difference showed a converging trend from 1990 to 2019 (optimal gender disparity ratio (GDR): 123 vs. 163 countries), and the GDR showed a move toward optimization (between 0.95 and 1.05) in the better and worse parts of the world.ConclusionDespite the positive results regarding the QCI for orofacial cl

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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• Article libreArticle

  Glomérulonéphrite extra-membraneuse et syndrome myélodysplasique: une association rare

  Mahtat El Mehdi, Ahmed Alayoude, Mohamed Amine Hamzi, Wafe Arache, Kawtar Hassani, Selim Jennane, Hicham Eddou, Kamal Doghmi, Mohamed Mikdame

  Les syndromes myélodysplasiques peuvent s’accompagner de maladies auto-immunes. L’atteinte rénale au cours de ces syndromes est rare. Dans ce cas, les glomérulopathies prédominent cette atteinte. La glomérulonéphrite extra-membraneuse est exceptionnellement reportée en association avec un syndrome myélodysplasique. Nous rapportons dans ce papier le cas d’une patiente présentant une glomérulonéphrite associée à une anémie révélant un syndrome myélodysplasique de faible risque. Dans la lumière de ce cas, nous faisons une courte revue de la littérature des cas précédemment publiés et nous discutons le lien pathogénique entre ces deux entités.

  ImmunologieHématologieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Glossary of terms: A shared understanding of the common terms used to describe psychological trauma, version 3.0

  Licence : This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Glossary of terms: A shared understanding of the common terms used to describe psychological trauma, version 3.0

  Alexandra Heber, Valerie Testa, Dianne Groll, Kimberly Ritchie, Linna Tam-Seto, Ashlee Mulligan, Emily Sullo, Amber Schick, Elizabeth Bose, Yasaman Jabbari, Jillian Lopes, R. Nicholas Carleton

  Licence : This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase polymorphisms and susceptibility to mild malaria in Dogon and Fulani, Mali

  Bakary Maiga, Amagana Dolo, Susana Campino, Nuno Sepulveda, Patrick Corran, Kirk A Rockett, Marita Troye-Blomberg, Ogobara K Doumbo, Taane G Clark

  BackgroundGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is associated with protection from severe malaria, and potentially uncomplicated malaria phenotypes. It has been documented that G6PD deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa is due to the 202A/376G G6PD A-allele, and association studies have used genotyping as a convenient technique for epidemiological studies. However, recent studies have shown discrepancies in G6PD202/376 associations with severe malaria. There is evidence to suggest that other G6PD deficiency alleles may be common in some regions of West Africa, and that allelic heterogeneity could explain these discrepancies.MethodsA cross-sectional epidemiological study of malaria susceptibility was conducted during 2006 and 2007 in the Sahel meso-endemic malaria zone of Mali. The study included Dogon (n = 375) and Fulani (n = 337) sympatric ethnic groups, where the latter group is characterized by lower susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Fifty-three G6PD polymorphisms, including 202/376, were genotyped across the 712 samples. Evidence of association of these G6PD polymorphisms and mild malaria was assessed in both ethnic groups using genotypic and haplotypic statistical tests.ResultsIt was confirmed that the Fulani are less susceptible to malaria, and the 202A mutation is rare in this group (< 1% versus Dogon 7.9%). The Betica-Selma 968C/376G (~11% enzymatic activity) was more common in Fulani (6.1% vs Dogon 0.0%). There are differences in haplotype frequencies between Dogon and Fulani, and association analysis did not reveal strong evidence of protective G6PD genetic effects against uncomplicated malaria in both ethnic groups and gender. However, there was some evidence of increased risk of mild malaria in Dogon with the 202A mutation, attaining borderline statistical significance in females. The rs915942 polymorphism was found to be associated with asymptomatic malaria in Dogon females, and the rs61042368 polymorphism was associated with cl

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genes deletion polymorphisms and blood pressure control among treated essential hypertensive patients in Burkina Faso

  Herman Karim Sombié, Daméhan Tchelougou, Abdoul Karim Ouattara, Jonas Koudougou Kologo, Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho, Dogfunianalo Somda, Sakinata Yaméogo, Arsène Wendpagnangdé Zongo, Isabelle Touwendpoulimdé Kiendrebeogo, Enagnon Tiémoko Herman Donald Adoko, Albert Théophane Yonli, Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma, Patrice Zabsonré, Hassanata Millogo, Jacques Simporé

  ObjectiveGlutathione S-transferases have been associated with experimental resistance to some drugs. The present study investigated the factors associated with blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension, especially the role of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes polymorphisms. This cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso consisted of 200 patients with essential hypertension and under treatment.ResultsIn the present study, 57.5% (115/200) of patients had their hypertension under control. No statistically significant difference was found between controlled and uncontrolled groups for anthropometric and biochemical parameters as well as for GSTT1 or GSTM1 gene polymorphisms (all p > 0.05). Current alcohol consumption (OR = 3.04; CI 1.88–6.13; p < 0.001), Physical inactivity (OR = 3.07; CI 1.71–5.49; p < 0.001), severe hypertension before any treatment (Grade III [OR = 3.79; CI 2.00–7.17; p < 0.001]) and heart damage (OR = 3, 14; CI 1.59–6.02; p < 0.001) were statistically more frequent in uncontrolled essential hypertensive patients than controlled hypertensive patients.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05658-w.

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)PharmacologieMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genes deletion polymorphisms and risk of developing essential hypertension: a case-control study in Burkina Faso population (West Africa)

  Herman Karim Sombié, Abel Pegdwendé Sorgho, Jonas Koudougou Kologo, Abdoul Karim Ouattara, Sakinata Yaméogo, Albert Théophane Yonli, Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma, Daméhan Tchelougou, Dogfounianalo Somda, Isabelle Touwendpoulimdé Kiendrébéogo, Prosper Bado, Bolni Marius Nagalo, Youssoufou Nagabila, Enagnon Tiémoko Herman Donald Adoko, Patrice Zabsonré, Hassanata Millogo, Jacques Simporé

  BackgroundGlutathione S-transferases play a key role in the detoxification of persistent oxidative stress products which are one of several risks factors that may be associated with many types of disease processes such as cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. In the present study, we characterize the null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in order to investigate the association between them and the risk of developing essential hypertension.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study in Burkina Faso, including 245 subjects with essential hypertension as case and 269 control subjects with normal blood pressure. Presence of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 was determined using conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction followed by gel electrophoresis analysis. Biochemical parameters were measured using chemistry analyzer CYANExpert 130.ResultsChi-squared test shows that GSTT1-null (OR = 1.82; p = 0.001) and GSTM1-active/GSTT1-null genotypes (OR = 2.33; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in cases than controls; the differences were not significant for GSTM1-null, GSTM1-null/GSTT1-active and GSTM1-null/GSTT1-null (p > 0.05). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that age ≥ 50 years, central obesity, family history of hypertension, obesity, alcohol intake and GSTT1 deletion were in decreasing order independent risk factors for essential hypertension. Analysis by gender, BMI and alcohol showed that association of GSTT1-null with risk of essential hypertension seems to be significant when BMI < 30 Kg/m2, in non-smokers and in alcohol users (all OR ≥ 1.77; p ≤ 0.008). Concerning GSTT1, GSTM1 and cardiovascular risk markers levels in hypertensive group, we found that subjects with GSTT1-null genotype had higher waist circumference and higher HDL cholesterol level than those with GSTT1-active (all p < 0.005), subjects with GSTM1-null genotype had lower triglyceride than those with GSTM1-active (p = 0.02) and subjects with the double deletion GSTM1-null/GSTT1-null had higher body mass inde

  Médecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Santé publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  GMZ2 Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses, Naturally Acquired Immunity and the Incidence of Malaria in Burkinabe Children

  Sylvester Dassah, Bright Adu, Régis W. Tiendrebeogo, Susheel K. Singh, Fareed K. N. Arthur, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Michael Theisen

  GMZ2 is a malaria vaccine candidate evaluated in a phase 2b multi-centre trial. Here we assessed antibody responses and the association of naturally acquired immunity with incidence of malaria in one of the trial sites, Banfora in Burkina Faso. The analysis included 453 (GMZ2 = 230, rabies = 223) children aged 12-60 months old. Children were followed-up for clinical malaria episodes for 12 months after final vaccine administration. Antibody levels against GMZ2 and eleven non-GMZ2 antigens were measured on days 0 and 84 (one month after final vaccine dose). Vaccine efficacy (VE) differed by age group (interaction, (12-35 months compared to 36-60 months), p = 0.0615). During the twelve months of follow-up, VE was 1% (95% confidence interval [CI] -17%, 17%) and 23% ([CI] 3%, 40%) in the 12 - 35 and 36 – 60 months old children, respectively. In the GMZ2 group, day 84 anti-GMZ2 IgG levels were associated with reduced incidence of febrile malaria during the follow up periods of 1-6 months (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.87, 95%CI = (0.77, 0.98)) and 7-12 months (HR = 0.84, 95%CI = (0.71, 0.98)) in the 36-60 months old but not in 12-35 months old children. Multivariate analysis involving day 84 IgG levels to eleven non-vaccine antigens, identified MSP3-K1 and GLURP-R2 to be associated with reduced incidence of malaria during the 12 months of follow up. The inclusion of these antigens might improve GMZ2 vaccine efficacy.

  Parasitologie et mycologieImmunologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journa

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  Goitre géant dyspnéisant

  Mohammed Ridal, Mohamed Noreddine Alami

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Goitre multi-nodulaire révélant une tuberculose thyroïdienne

  Rim Lahiani, Madiha Mahfoudhi

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Maladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Goitre ovarien bénin: à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature

  Boutaina Lachiri, Zineb Benkerroum, Mohamed Allaoui, Zazi Abdelgheni, Khalid Guelzim, Jaouad Kouach, Driss Moussaoui Rahali, Mohamed Dehayni

  Goitre ovarien appartient au groupe des tératomes mono dermiques. C'est une variété rare des tumeurs de l'ovaire. L'examen histopathologique est indispensable pour le diagnostic de cette entité. Le goitre ovarien peut être à l'origine d'anomalies du bilan thyroïdien. Vu le risque de la transformation maligne le traitement chirurgical reste la seule alternative thérapeutique. Notre patiente avait une grande masse annexielle unilatérale, multi-lobulée faisant 14,45 x 12,21 cm sans signes d'hyperthyroïdies associées. Un traitement conservateur par kystectomie a été réalisé. L'examen anatomopathologique a confirmé le diagnostic d'un goitre ovarien. Les suites poste opératoires étaient simples et le suivi clinique n'a pas montré d'anomalies avec un recul de 9 mois.

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Gomme du visage revelant une syphilis congenitale tardive

  Amal Taghy, Badreddine Hassam

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Gonadotropine glycoproteique maturante et oestradiol - 17 beta pendant le cycle reproducteur chez la truite Fario (Salmo Trutta) femelle

  Bernard Breton, Alexis Fostier, Yonathan Zohar, Pierre-Yves Le Bail, Roland Billard

  Female brown trout were sacrificed every month or twice a month during the reproductive season. Plasma gonadotropin (GtH) and estradiol-17 beta (E2-17 beta) were measured using radioimmunological techniques, in relation with the state of gametogenesis. From ovulation to July egg's diameters remained less than 1 mm, and ovogenesis was characterized from the histological appearance of three types of vitellus: glycoproteique (type I), lipidique (type II), lipidoprotéique (type III), and the immunological plasma detection of the vitellogenin. During this period GtH levels remained lower than 1 ng/ml except in March, when they increased around 5 ng/ml, both with pituitary GtH and plasma E2 17 beta. This rise occurred just before the appearance of the type III vitellus within the oocyte, and might correspond to a critical phase of the reproductive cycle during which vitellogenin could not be detected in 70% of the animals. During rapid growth of the oocyte from 1 to 5 mm, mean GtH levels increased from 0.75 to 2.5 ng/ml when those of the E2-17 beta increased more rapidly but began to drop before the end of vitellogenesis. Maturation and ovulation were accompanied by a rise of the GtH level, in correlation with the lower levels of E2-17 beta measured during the cycle, GtH remained high even after ovulation, and more in fish which had kept their eggs within the body cavity. Correlation among GtH, E2-17 beta, and the diameters of eggs had been calculated. There was a positive correlation among GtH, E2-17 beta levels, and the diameters of eggs during exogenous vitellogenesis, and a negative between GtH and E2-17 beta at the end of the reproductive cycle. These results were discussed, in relation to the existence of a pulsatile mode of GtH secretion.

  ImmunologieSémiologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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  Good performances but short lasting efficacy of Actellic 50 EC Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) on malaria transmission in Benin, West Africa

  Rock Aïkpon, Michel Sèzonlin, Filémon Tokponon, Mariam Okè, Olivier Oussou, Frédéric Oké-Agbo, Raymond Beach, Martin Akogbéto

  BackgroundThe National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) has been using pirimiphos methyl for the first time for indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Benin. The first round was a success with a significant decrease of entomological indicators of malaria transmission in the treated districts. We present the results of the entomological impact on malaria transmission. Entomologic parameters in the control area were compared with those in intervention sites.MethodsMosquito collections were carried out in three districts in the Atacora-Dongo region of which two were treated with pirimiphos methyl (Actellic 50EC) (Tanguiéta and Kouandé) and the untreated (Copargo) served as control. Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations were sampled monthly by human landing catch. In addition, window exit traps and pyrethrum spray catches were performed to assess exophagic behavior of Anopheles vectors. In the three districts, mosquito collections were organized to follow the impact of pirimiphos methyl IRS on malaria transmission and possible changes in the behavior of mosquitoes. The residual activity of pirimiphos methyl in the treated walls was also assessed using WHO bioassay test.ResultsA significant reduction (94.25%) in human biting rate was recorded in treated districts where an inhabitant received less than 1 bite of An. gambiae per night. During this same time, the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) dramatically declined in the treated area (99.24% reduction). We also noted a significant reduction in longevity of the vectors and an increase in exophily induced by pirimiphos methyl on An. gambiae. However, no significant impact was found on the blood feeding rate. Otherwise, the low residual activity of Actellic 50 EC, which is three months, is a disadvantage.ConclusionPirimiphos methyl was found to be effective for IRS in Benin. However, because of the low persistence of Actellic 50EC used in this study on the treated walls, the recourse to another more residual formulation of pirimi

  Parasitologie et mycologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original

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  Méthodologie de la recherche et thèseLicence : lecture-libre

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  Gougerôt Sjögren compliqué d'aspergillome pulmonaire

  Faida Ajili, Najeh Boussetta

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Goutte de la hanche chez une femme de 57 ans: rapport de cas

  Dammak Nabil, Cheikhrouhou Hassen, Balti Walid, Khalifa Issam, Sghir Mouna, Kessomtini Wassia, Abid Faouzi

  Cette étude rapporte le cas d'une arthrite goutteuse de la hanche, décrite chez une femme de 57 ans, diabétique et hypertendue, sans antécédents de goutte et qui a consulté pour douleur chronique de la hanche droite. L´examen clinique a trouvé une patiente obèse, marchant avec une boiterie droite douloureuse en rapport avec flessum de la hanche homolatérale. La radiographie standard a montré des formations ostéo-condensantes en regard de la face antérieure du col fémoral. La biologie se résume en un syndrome inflammatoire avec un taux normal d´acide urique. La tomodensitométrie et l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) nous ont orientés vers une chondromatose de la hanche. La patiente a eu un traitement chirurgical avec exérèse complète d´une formation friable et arthrolyse de la hanche. Les prélèvements bactériologiques n´ont pas isolé de germe et l´étude anatomopathologique a conclu à une goutte de la hanche. Un traitement médical à base de Colchicine a été introduit. L´évolution a été marquée par une régression complète du flessum, disparition de la boiterie et amélioration des douleurs de la hanche de façon satisfaisante.

  Licence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Pan African Medical Journal (ISSN: 1937-8688). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, p

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  Gouvernance institutionnelle des plantes génétiquement éditées : le cas du riz à Madagascar

  Ludovic Temple, Onjaherilanto Rakotovao Razanakoto, Kirsten Vom Brocke, Gilles Trouche

  Les nouvelles techniques d'amélioration des plantes sont au centre d'une nouvelle gouvernance de l'innovation variétale qui renouvelle les débats sur les promesses technologiques apportées par les variétés OGM. Assimilables à ces dernières, elles suscitent des controverses en termes de risques écologiques, agronomiques et socio-économiques. A partir d'un cas expérimental d'usage des techniques d'édition du génome pour développer des variétés de riz à Madagascar, nous avons étudié comment les interactions entre les différentes parties prenantes sociétales renouvellent la gouvernance de l'innovation variétale issue des biotechnologies. Les résultats conduisent à proposer de reconfigurer l'expérimentation initiale par le renforcement des compétences à détecter les modifications génétiques dans les nouvelles variétés et à prendre en compte les risques sociétaux. Ils mettent en relief l'insuffisance des cadres institutionnels d'évaluation des risques de biosécurité dans le contexte des pays du sud. Ils renseignent comment solidifier ces cadres par l'implication située des parties prenantes. Ils suggèrent des approches plus coopératives pour définir les modèles et les objectifs des innovations variétales.

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiquePharmacognosie, phytothérapie et médecine traditionnelleLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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  Gouvernementalité par la peur et sensibilisation communautaire : une lecture anthropologique du poro sénoufo en Côte d'Ivoire

  Firmin Kra

  Cette contribution analyse les conditions sociales de production, de légitimation et d'efficacité de la mobilisation de la peur dans les politiques de communication sur le risque, en adoptant une perspective d'anthropologie critique des politiques de communication sanitaire. Des travaux fondateurs sur la perception et l'amplification sociale du risque aux théories contemporaines de la communication sanitaire en contexte épidémique, la peur occupe une place centrale dans les stratégies déployées par les institutions de santé publique. Toutefois, l'efficacité de cette mobilisation sanitaire de la peur est loin d'être garantie. La peur est mobilisée non seulement par les gouvernants dans leurs stratégies de légitimation, de contrôle et d'anticipation des contestations, mais également par les populations dans leurs pratiques de résistance, de contournement ou de défiance. Dans les contextes épidémiques, les mesures sanitaires interdisant certains rites funéraires ou imposant la distanciation sociale ont souvent suscité des protestations, des actes de vandalisme, voire des violences dirigées contre les agents de sensibilisation. Cette tension produit une configuration paradoxale dans laquelle gouvernants et gouvernés apparaissent simultanément comme producteurs et objets de la peur. Le corpus analysé provient d'une enquête ethnographique menée dans le département de Korhogo entre 2017 et 2018, fondée sur des observations participantes, des entretiens semi-structurés et des échanges informels.<p>L'analyse montre que l'efficacité du gouvernement par la peur dépend moins de l'intensité de la menace produite que des conditions sociales de sa légitimation. Le poro apparaît ainsi efficace non parce que la peur qu'il mobilise serait plus intense que celle produite par les campagnes sanitaires, mais parce qu'elle est culturellement ancrée, institutionnellement encadrée, socialement partagée et moralement valorisée. Les résultats montrent l'efficacité des stratégies fondées sur l

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)PharmacologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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