Les auteurs rapportent le cas d'une jeune patiente de 27 ans, opérée dans l'enfance pour pied bot varus équin gauche, qui consulte dans notre formation pour syndrome douloureux aigu de la jambe gauche, sans notion de traumatisme. Le bilan radiographique standard a révélé de multiples phlébolithes disséminées dans les parties molles de la jambe, révélant des malformations veineuses profondes, confirmées par angioscanner et IRM. Une biopsie exérèse d'une masse à la face interne du 13 supérieur a confirmé le diagnostic histologique de malformation veineuse avec ablation de la calcification et d'un thrombus.
Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
La photobiomodulation (PBM) désigne l’utilisation thérapeutique de lumières non ionisantes, principalement dans les spectres rouges et proche infrarouge, afin de moduler les processus biologiques sans effet thermique. En odontologie, elle suscite un intérêt croissant en raison de ses effets antalgiques, anti-inflammatoires et cicatrisants. Cette thèse présente les bases physiques, les paramètres dosimétriques et les mécanismes d’action de la PBM. L’absorption lumineuse par des chromophores intracellulaires, notamment la cytochrome c oxydase, entraîne une augmentation de la production d’Adénosine triphosphate (ATP), une modulation des espèces réactives de l’oxygène et la libération de monoxyde d’azote. Ces mécanismes participent à la régulation de l’inflammation, de la prolifération cellulaire et de la réparation tissulaire. Sur le plan biologique, la PBM induit une diminution de la douleur, une modulation de la réponse inflammatoire et une stimulation de la cicatrisation et de la régénération tissulaire, y compris osseuse. Ces effets reposent sur une relation dose-effet biphasique, soulignant l’importance d’une maîtrise rigoureuse de la dosimétrie, assimilable à une véritable posologie lumineuse. Les données cliniques mettent en évidence un intérêt de la PBM comme thérapeutique adjuvante dans de nombreuses situations en odontologie, notamment en chirurgie orale, en parodontologie, dans les mucites, les troubles temporo-mandibulaires, les pathologies muqueuses et l’hypersensibilité dentinaire. En implantologie, les résultats sont plus hétérogènes, avec des effets favorables sur la cicatrisation mais des données encore discutées concernant la stabilité implantaire. Les limites actuelles concernent principalement l’hétérogénéité des protocoles et le niveau de preuve parfois modéré, ne permettant pas l’établissement de recommandations standardisées. Les perspectives reposent sur la standardisation de la dosimétrie et le développement d’approches personnalisées, afin d’o
SémiologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Brahim Salem Joumany, Sidi Dahi, Mahdi Khamaily, Iman Tarib, Nisrine Laaribi, Karim Reda, Abdelbarre Oubaaz
La photokératite est une kératite douloureuse causée par l'exposition non-protégée des yeux aux rayons ultraviolets (UV). On parle de «coup d'arc» quand la photokératite est induite par le rayonnement UV émis par l′arc électrique pendant le soudage à l′arc électrique. Nous rapportons le cas d′un patient de 35 ans, sans antécédents notables, cavalier de profession qui se dit avoir regardé pendant quelques minutes, un arc électrique durant le soudage des portes du stable suite à laquelle, il a présenté une douleur oculaire bilatérale à type de brûlure associé à des larmoiements photophobie et blépharospasme. Son examen clinique a montré une acuité visuelle avec correction à 8/10 et 9/10, une hyperhémie conjonctivale avec une kératite érosive ponctuée limité à la fente palpébrale après instillation de la fluorescéine. Vu le contexte, le diagnostic d'une kératoconjonctivite par coup d'arc a été retenu. Le patient a été mis sous antibiotique topique, agents mouillants et cicatrisants. L′évolution a été marquée, par la disparition totale des signes avec une acuité visuelle qui est remonté à 10/10 en bilatérale. A travers ce cas, on illustre l′intérêt d′une prévention par un port d′équipements de protection adaptés.
Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)PharmacologieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
L'exposition aux rayonnements ultraviolets (UV) entraîne des effets biologiques dont la plupart sont néfastes. Le peau normale contient des molécules capables d'absorber les rayonnements UV, appelées chromophores. L'interaction entre ces chromophores "normaux" et les radiations UV entraîne des effets biologiques : - précoces (érythème, pigmentation immédiates) ; - retardés (érythème actinique, pigmentation retardée ou bronzage, immunosuppression) ; - à long terme (vieillissement cutané photoinduit, cancers cutanées développés aux dépens des cellules épithéliales, carcinomes baso-cellulaires et carcinomes spinocellulaires, ou au dépens des mélanocytes, mélanomes malins) [1]. Dans un certain nombre de cas, la peau peut contenir des chromophores "anormaux" appelés photo sensibilisants et responsables de la photosensibilisation. Ces chromophores sont soit d'origine exogène (troubles du métabolisme) ou non encore identifiés (lucites idiopathiques ...). Les photosensibilisations exogènes ont deux modes d'exposition (application locale ou voie systémique) et deux mécanismes : phototoxicité et photoallergie [2, 3]. Dans le cas de la pathologie professionnelle, seuls les photosensibilisations exogènes et les cancers cutanés seront étudiés.
ImmunologieSémiologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
IntroductionLes patients sous traitement anticoagulant sont à risque élevé de saignement lors de la résection transurétrale de la prostate ou de l'adénomectomie par taille vésicale et ils se voient souvent récuser pour la chirurgie de l'hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate symptomatique. En Utilisant la photovaporisation de la prostate, les patients à haut risque peuvent subir en toute sécurité la chirurgie. Nous avons évalué l'innocuité et l'efficacité de la photovaporisation de la prostate (PVP) chez les patients sous anticoagulants en cours avec les dérivés de la coumarine, l'aspirine ou le clopidogrel, se plaignant de symptômes d'hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate.MéthodesEntre janvier 2009 et mai 2010, 47 hommes sous anticoagulation systémique ont subi une photovaporisation de la prostate. Les données ont été recueillies sur les caractéristiques démographiques, les comorbidités, les complications, la natrémie, l'hémoglobine, le débit urinaire maximal, le résidu post-mictionnel, l'IPSS et les complications.RésultatsL'âge moyen était de 78 ans, le volume prostatique moyen était de 44g et le PSA était de 3.4ng/ml. Parmi les 10 patients (21.2%) étaient sous AVK, 27 (57.4%) étaient sous aspirine, 2 (4.2%) étaient sous clopidogrel, un sous fondaparinux et 6 (12.7%) étaient sous 2 anticoagulants ou plus. Le score ASA moyen était de 3. La durée moyenne de fonctionnement de l'appareil était de 38 minutes, l'énergie moyenne utilisée était de 200kJ. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 2 jours. Les complications survenant dans les 30 jours comprenaient une infection urinaire chez 5 patients (10.6%), une dysurie chez 4 patients et une hémorragie retardée chez 4 autres (8.5%). Un seul de ces patients a nécessité une transfusion sanguine et aucun patient n'a nécessité une réintervention. En 3 mois de suivi un seul patient a nécessité une incision du col vésical pour sclérose du col. Aucune incontinence ou sténose urétrale n'a été rapportée. Des améliorations significat
HématologieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ange Sahuquet, Simon Meunier, Judith A. Cherni, Anne Charpentier, Thomas Vezin, Arouna Darga, Guillaume Zuffinetti, Peter K. Kitanidis, Loïc Quéval
Water pumps powered by photovoltaic energy, often named ‘photovoltaic water pumping systems’ (PVWPS), offer a promising solution for improving water access in developing regions. Regular pumping tests are essential for characterizing boreholes and ensuring sustainable groundwater extraction. Traditionally, these tests are conducted only at the time of PVWPS installation using diesel pumps. However, since PVWPS typically have a lifespan of around 20 years, the borehole's condition may change over time, necessitating ongoing testing. To overcome this challenge, this article presents a novel method for conducting pumping tests using the PVWPS's own photovoltaic modules as the power source, greatly simplifying regular borehole monitoring over the PVWPS's lifespan. This approach improves the long-term technical sustainability of PVWPS. By eliminating the need for diesel generators, it reduces also costs, emissions, and logistical complexity while ensuring continuous water supply during testing. The principle and protocol for these proposed tests are outlined, as well as the key indicators for analysis. Furthermore, the associated costs and benefits are thoroughly explored. The proposed method is applied to a PVWPS in a village in Burkina Faso. This PVWPS has 750 Wp of photovoltaic modules, a 10 m³ water tank, and a 56 m borehole. Results show that the photovoltaic pumping tests allow to accurately determine borehole parameters, achieving a model fit with an average R2 of 0.99. Additionally, a photovoltaic pumping test costs $43, which is significantly lower than standard pumping tests: a multiple step drawdown test costs $511 and a long pumping test costs $2050. Moreover, the proposed photovoltaic pumping tests can prevent premature replacements of PVWPS components, leading to significant savings. While demonstrated in a specific context, this method is transferable to other systems, offering potential benefits for companies, local authorities, governments, and NGOs invo
Santé publiqueLicence : This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Erasmus Nikoi Kotey, Ivy Asantewaa Asante, Mildred Adusei‐Poku, Augustina Arjarquah, Richard Ampadu, David Rodgers, Edward Owusu Nyarko, William Asiedu, Courage Dafeamekpor, Michael R. Wiley, Gifty Mawuli, Richard Asomadu Obeng, Stephen Ofori Nyarko, Vanessa Magnusen, Emmanuel Kodua, Naiki Attram, Shirley Cameron Nimo‐Paintsil, Catherine Pratt, Anne T. Fox, Andrew Letizia, William Kwabena Ampofo
AbstractIntroductionAvian influenza viruses (AIV) cause significant economic losses to poultry farmers worldwide. These viruses have the ability to spread rapidly, infect entire poultry flocks, and can pose a threat to human health. The National Influenza Centre (NIC) at the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research in collaboration with the Ghana Armed forces (GAF) and the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Ghana Detachment (NAMRU‐3) performs biannual surveillance for influenza viruses among poultry at military barracks throughout Ghana. This study presents poultry surveillance data from the years 2017 to 2019.MethodologyTracheal and cloacal swabs from sick and healthy poultry were collected from the backyards of GAF personnel living quarters and transported at 4°C to the NIC. Viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated and analyzed for the presence of influenza viruses using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Viral nucleic acids extracted from influenza A‐positive specimens were sequenced using universal influenza A‐specific primers.ResultsInfluenza A H9N2 virus was detected in 11 avian species out of 2000 samples tested. Phylogenetic analysis of viral haemagglutinin (HA) protein confirms the possibility of importation of viruses from North Africa and Burkina Faso. Although the detected viruses possess molecular markers of virulence and mammalian host adaptation, the HA cleavage site anlaysis confirmed low pathogenicity of the viruses.ConclusionsThese findings confirm the ongoing spread of H9 viruses among poultry in Ghana. Poultry farmers need to be vigilant for sick birds and take the appropriate public health steps to limit the spread to other animals and spillover to humans. Our study confirms the spread of H9 viruses among poultry in Ghana. Poultry farmers need to be vigilant for sick birds and take the appropriate public health steps to limit the spread to other animals and spillover to humans.
Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueSanté publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of theLicense, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sporadic melioidosis cases have been reported in the African mainland and Indian Ocean islands, but until recently, these regions were not considered areas where B. pseudomallei is endemic. Given the high mortality rate of melioidosis, it is crucial that this disease be recognized and suspected in all regions of endemicity. Previous work has shown that B. pseudomallei originated in Australia, with subsequent introduction into Asia; however, the precise origin of B. pseudomallei in other tropical regions remains poorly understood. Using whole-genome sequencing, we characterized B. pseudomallei isolates from Madagascar and Burkina Faso. Next, we compared these strains to a global collection of B. pseudomallei isolates to identify their evolutionary origins. We found that African B. pseudomallei strains likely originated from Asia and were closely related to South American strains, reflecting a relatively recent shared evolutionary history. We also identified substantial genetic diversity among African strains, suggesting long-term B. pseudomallei endemicity in this region. ABSTRACTBurkholderia pseudomallei, an environmental bacterium that causes the deadly disease melioidosis, is endemic in northern Australia and Southeast Asia. An increasing number of melioidosis cases are being reported in other tropical regions, including Africa and the Indian Ocean islands. B. pseudomallei first emerged in Australia, with subsequent rare dissemination event(s) to Southeast Asia; however, its dispersal to other regions is not yet well understood. We used large-scale comparative genomics to investigate the origins of three B. pseudomallei isolates from Madagascar and two from Burkina Faso. Phylogenomic reconstruction demonstrates that these African B. pseudomallei isolates group into a single novel clade that resides within the more ancestral Asian clade. Intriguingly, South American strains reside within the African clade, suggesting more recent dissemination from West Africa to th
Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the.
Justin J. Lang, Sarah E. Turner, Natalie Doan, Iryna Demchenko, Stephanie A. Prince, Karen C. Roberts, Marisol T. Betancourt, Rachel Colley, Rabina Jahan, Ashley Amson, Jean-Philippe Chaput
AbstractIntroduction:This study examined physical activity (PA) levels among youth (12–17years) and adults (18 years and older) living in Canada by subgroups including gender, sexual orientation, population groups, education, and income.Methods:Data from the 2021 Canadian Community Health Survey (N = 44 239), a large national, cross-sectional survey, was used to examine self-reported daily PA time spent in active transportation, recreation, school/camp, occupational/household, and adherence to PA recommendations (≥ 60 minutes/day and ≥ 150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA for youth and adults, respectively) by population subgroups. Significant differences within subgroups were assessed with chi-square and Tukey-Kramer analyses.Results:Among youth, boys were more likely to meet the PA recommendation than girls (54.9% vs. 36.5%). Boys engaged in more recreational (36.0 vs. 24.0 min/day) and school/camp (24.0 vs. 15.9 min/day) PA than girls. Youth from households in the highest income quintile reported more recreational PA compared to those in the lowest income quintile (35.8 vs. 22.1 min/day). Among adults, there was a significant gender difference in PA recommendation adherence (women: 51.7% vs. men: 57.4%). Men engaged in more recreational (18.0 vs. 15.1 min/day) and occupational/household (26.4 vs. 15.4 min/day) PA than women. Recreational PA was significantly higher in households with the highest income (22.8 min/day) and education (17.4 min/day) compared to lowest income (10.4 min/day) and education (6.9 min/day), respectively. Few subgroup differences were observed for active transportation.Conclusion:PA inequalities persist in Canada. Future research should explore why these inequalities exist to help inform interventions.
Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Chinchin Wang, Gregory Butler, McKenna R.J. Szczepanowski, Marisol T. Betancourt, Karen C. Roberts
AbstractIntroduction:Regular physical activity is associated with a wide range of health benefits in youth. While previous studies have identified disparities in physical activity among youth by gender identity and sexual attraction, these have seldom been explored in Canadian youth.Methods:Data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth were used to assess prevalence of and time spent in organized sports participation, total physical activity and active transportation by gender identity (non-cisgender vs. cisgender) among youth aged 12 to 17, and by sexual attraction (nonheterosexual attraction vs. heterosexual attraction) among youth aged 15 to 17.Results:There was no difference in average minutes of total physical activity per week between non-cisgender and cisgender Canadian youth. Non-cisgender youth (which represent 0.5% of the population) averaged significantly fewer minutes of organized sports per week than their cisgender counterparts. There was some evidence of increased active transportation to school among non-cisgender youth, but insufficient power to detect significant differences. Canadian youth reporting any nonheterosexual attraction (which represent 21.2% of the population, including mostly heterosexual youth) were less likely to be regularly physically active and participate in organized sports than youth reporting exclusive heterosexual attraction. Differences were larger among males than females. Males reporting nonheterosexual attraction were more likely to use active transportation to get to school than their heterosexual counterparts.Conclusion:Non-cisgender youth and youth reporting nonheterosexual attraction tended to participate less in organized sports than their counterparts, but may have engaged in more active transportation. Mitigating the barriers associated with sport participation could increase physical activity among these groups.
Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Jacky Raharinjatovo, Roch Kounbobr Dabiré, Keith Esch, Dieudonné Diloma Soma, Aristide Hien, Tiecoura Camara, Mame Birame Diouf, Allison Belemvire, Lilia Gerberg, Taiwo Samson Awolola, Adama Koné, Djenam Jacob, Sophie Vandecandelaere, Marie Baes, Stephen Poyer
BackgroundNational Malaria Programmes (NMPs) monitor the durability of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to inform procurement and replacement decisions. This is crucial for new dual active ingredients (AI) ITNs, for which less data is available. Pyrethroid-only ITN (Interceptor®) and dual AI (Interceptor® G2, and PermaNet® 3.0) ITNs were assessed across three health districts over 36 months in southern Burkina Faso to estimate median ITN survival, insecticidal efficacy, and to identify factors contributing to field ITN longevity.MethodsDurability was monitored through a prospective study of a cohort of nets distributed during the 2019 mass campaign. Three health districts were selected for their similar pyrethroid-resistance, environmental, epidemiological, and population profiles. Households were recruited after the mass campaign, with annual household questionnaire follow-ups over three years. Each round, ITNs were withdrawn for bioassays and chemical residue testing. Key measures were the percentage of cohort ITNs in serviceable condition, insecticidal effectiveness, and chemical residue content against target dose. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify determinants influencing ITN survival.ResultsAt endline, the median useful life was 3.2 (95% CI 2.5–4.0) years for PermaNet® 3.0 ITNs in Orodara, 2.6 (95% CI 1.9–3.2) years for Interceptor® G2 ITNs in Banfora and 2.4 (95% CI 1.9–2.9) years for Interceptor® ITNs in Gaoua. Factors associated with ITN survival included cohort ITNs from Orodara (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.58, p = 0.026), households seeing less rodents (aHR = 0.66, p = 0.005), female-headed households (aHR = 0.66, p = 0.044), exposure to social behavior change (SBC) messages (aHR = 0.52, ≤ 0.001) and folding nets when not in use (aHR = 0.47, p < 0.001). At endline, PermaNet® 3.0 ITN recorded 24-h mortality of 26% against resistant mosquitos on roof panels, with an 84% reduction in PBO content. Interceptor® G2 ITN 72-h mortality was 5
Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologieLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as
The global objective of this work was to manufacture resistant and durable (water resistant) earth renders with good thermal insulation. For this purpose, a medium plastic clayey soil from Kôdéni (Burkina Faso), constituted by kaolinite (62 wt.%), quartz (31 wt.%), and goethite (2 wt.%), was mixed with dolomitic lime (up to 6 wt.%) to manufacture earth renders. The mineralogical, microstructural, and chemical characteristics of dolomitic lime, as well as the physical (linear shrinkage, apparent density, and accessible porosity), hydric (water absorption test by capillarity and spray test), thermal (thermal conductivity), and mechanical (abrasion resistance, flexural, and compressive strengths) properties of the earth renders were evaluated. From these studies, it appears that the addition of dolomitic lime induces the formation of calcium silicate (CSH) and magnesium silicate (MSH) hydrates. These CSH and MSH are mainly formed from the pozzolanic reaction between finely ground quartz and the weak silica of kaolinite in basic media. These formed hydrates improve the physical, hydric, thermal, and mechanical properties of earth renders. This improvement is due to the fact that the formed CSH and MSH stick to the isolated particles of the soil, making them more compact. In view of the good mechanical strength and water resistance, as well as the low thermal conductivity, the elaborated earth renders are suitable for habitats with dry climates, such as the Sahel.
Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)PharmacologieSanté publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().
Histologie et biochimie des neurones histaminergiques et étude de leurs fonctions chez l’humain. Ces neurones sont très particuliers du point de vue histologique de par leurs afférences très complexes, leurs corps cellulaires très regroupés et leurs efférences très diffuses — mais aussi du point de vue biochimique de par l’activité constitutive très importante des récepteurs à l’histamine, la présence de synapses à double-neurotransmission et l’importance des signaux extrasynaptiques dans l’activité des neurones histaminergiques. Cette voie de signalisation est au cœur de l’innovation dans le secteur des anti-hypnotiques mais elle a également un grand potentiel dans celui d’autres classes de médicaments, notamment dans les hypnotiques, les analgésiques, les anti-vertigineux, le traitement de la cinétose, et peut-être et avec plus de réserve les coupe-faims et les médicaments de sevrages aux addictions. Un effet pro-mnésique très impressionnant des antagonistes des récepteurs H3 a été démontré chez le rat et chez l’humain et laisse lui aussi entrevoir la possibilité de médicaments de soutien de la mémoire du moyen-terme. Cette thèse répertorie et classe l’état de l’art de la science quant aux effets de la stimulation pharmacologique des récepteurs histaminergiques synaptiques.
PhysiologieBiologie cellulaire et moléculairePharmacologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Fernand W. Nana, Adama Hilou, Jeanne F. Millogo, Odile G. Nacoulma
This paper describes a preliminary assessment of the nutraceutical value of Amaranthus cruentus (A. cruentus) and Amaranthus hybridus (A. hybridus), two food plant species found in Burkina Faso. Hydroacetonic (HAE), methanolic (ME), and aqueous extracts (AE) from the aerial parts were screened for in vitro antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins and betalains. Hydroacetonic extracts have shown the most diversity for secondary metabolites. The TLC analyses of flavonoids from HAE extracts showed the presence of rutin and other unidentified compounds. The phenolic compound contents of the HAE, ME and AE extracts were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and ranged from 7.55 to 10.18 mg Gallic acid equivalent GAE/100 mg. Tannins, flavonoids, and flavonols ranged from 2.83 to 10.17 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/100 mg, 0.37 to 7.06 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) /100 mg, and 0.09 to 1.31 mg QE/100 mg, respectively. The betacyanin contents were 40.42 and 6.35 mg Amaranthin Equivalent/100 g aerial parts (dry weight) in A. cruentus and A. hybridus, respectively. Free-radical scavenging activity expressed as IC50 (DPPH method) and iron reducing power (FRAP method) ranged from 56 to 423 µg/mL and from 2.26 to 2.56 mmol AAE/g, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of extracts of A. cruentus and A. hybridus were 3.18% and 38.22%, respectively. The A. hybridus extract showed the best antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities. The results indicated that the phytochemical contents of the two species justify their traditional uses as nutraceutical food plants.
Santé publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ().
Acacia macrostachya is used in Burkina Faso folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of this plant. The cytotoxic effects of root (dichloromethane B1 and methanol B2) and stem (dichloromethane B3 and methanol B4) bark extracts of A. macrostachya were assessed on chronic K562 and acute U937 myeloid leukemia cancer cells using trypan blue, Hoechst, and MitoTracker Red staining methods. The antioxidant content of extracts was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods. The root bark extracts B1 and B2 of A. macrostachya demonstrated higher cytotoxicity with IC50 values in a low µg/mL range on both U937 and K562 cells, while the stem bark B4 extract selectively affected U937 cells. Overall, healthy proliferating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pPBMCs) were not or barely impacted in the range of concentrations cytotoxic to cancer cells. In addition, A. macrostachya exhibited significant antioxidant content with 646.06 and 428.08 µg ET/mg of extract for the B4 and B2 extracts, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids/steroids. The results of this study highlight the interest of A. macrostachya extracts for the isolation of anticancer molecules.
Santé publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().
Jotham Yhi-pênê N’DO, Adama HILOU, Noufou OUEDRAOGO, Ernest Nogma SOMBIE, Tata Kadiatou TRAORE
Background: Burkina Faso is classified among the countries with a high prevalence (˃12%) of hepatitis. Hepatic diseases, such as cirrhosis—related to alcoholism—and hepatitis B and C, are the cause of the increase in cases of liver cancer. They promote the development of cancer by decreasing the natural cell death, causing problems with DNA repair, or by increasing the production of free radical toxins to the cell. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were nearly 639,000 deaths from liver cancer worldwide in 2014, hence the need to search for natural hepatoprotective molecules. Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of Acanthospermum hispidum extracts on rats and the antioxidant capacity of extracts in vitro and in vivo, and to perform phytochemistry. Methods: The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the whole Acanthospermum hispidum plant were used to evaluate hepatoprotection. The hepatotoxin used in our case was diethylenitrosamine. The animals were divided into groups of six. The sera of the treated animals were used for the determination of transaminases, and the liver homogenates were used for the determination of antioxidant. The total phenol and flavonoid contents, and the antioxidant properties of the extracts, were evaluated in vitro. Results: The results of the in vitro antioxidant tests showed good antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract, using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test (0.08 ± 0.0018 μg/mL) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzolin-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) (246.05 ± 1.55 mmol TE/g). The in vivo tests showed, through the evaluation of the antioxidant in vivo and the biochemical parameters, that the ethanolic extract with the highest phenolic content had a good hepatoprotective capacity. Conclusions: The antioxidant activity of Acanthopermum hispidum extracts would justify the observed hepatoprotective activity. These results confirmed that the plant is used in the treatment of liver diseases in traditional me
Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().
BackgroundTraditional health practitioners constitute an important part of the health care system in Burkina Faso, particularly in the supply of traditional herbal medicines. Quality and safety of these medicines rely heavily on practices employed during their traditional development. However, traditional phytopharmaceutical practices are poorly described in Burkina Faso. This study aimed to describe the phytopharmaceutical practices of traditional medicine practitioners in Burkina Faso.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive ethno-pharmaceutical study, conducted from October 1 to November 30, 2020, among traditional practitioners in four randomly selected health districts: Nongr-Massom (Centre region), Tenkodogo (Centre-East region), Diapaga (East region) and Dafra (Hauts-Bassins region). An anonymous semi-structured face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and data on raw materials and finished products.ResultsSixty-seven (67) traditional health practitioners, aged 56 years on average, including a majority of men (72%), participated in the study. Gathering of wild medicinal plants was the main source of raw materials acquisition (51.5%), which were usually leaves (32.3%). These raw materials were usually sun-dried (43.9%) and packaged mostly in plastic bags (37.2%). They were derived from 60 plant species belonging to 33 botanical families. Fabaceae was the most represented family (18.7%) and Khaya senegalensis Juss. (Meliaceae) the most cited plant species (5.2%). The finished products had an average shelf life of 17 months and were usually prepared as a decoction (31.7%) and administered most often orally (71.4%). Gastrointestinal disorders were the main predictable adverse events of the finished products (54%).ConclusionThis study showed that THPs have important knowledge in the use of medicinal plants, but several shortcomings are observed in their phytopharmaceutical and plant protection practices. Continuous improvement of
Pharmacognosie, phytothérapie et médecine traditionnelleLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as
Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pica, the persistent ingestion of non‐nutritive, non‐food substances for ≥ 1 month at a developmentally inappropriate age, is regularly observed but understudied in sickle cell disease (SCD). Its prevalence and risk factors are unclear. This systematic review aims to estimate pica prevalence and synthesize evidence on associated characteristics and correlates in SCD. We searched Embase, MEDLINE ALL, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar up to 31 October 2025, for studies reporting original data on the prevalence and characteristics of pica in individuals ≥ 2 years with SCD. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analysis of prevalence used random‐effects models. Data on substances consumed were pooled. Literature on potential correlates was narratively summarized across biological, psychological and social domains. Ten studies (1585 participants) from North America (n = 6), Africa (n = 1), Europe (n = 1), the Middle East (n = 1) and South America (n = 1) were included, with sample sizes ranging from 55 to 395. The pooled prevalence of pica was 34% (95% CI: 24%–46%, I2 = 94%). Across four studies, the most commonly ingested materials were clay/dirt (n = 110, 39.3%), paper (n = 60, 21.4%) and fabric (n = 29, 10.4%). Narrative synthesis identified younger age, lower bodyweight, lower haemoglobin levels, higher impulsivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower family satisfaction and a positive family history as potential correlates of pica in SCD. Pica in SCD is highly prevalent. Psychosocial determinants may play a larger role than previously anticipated, alongside biological and disease‐related contributors. However, current evidence is limited by small sample sizes, inconsistent findings, and lack of validated assessment tools. To advance understanding of the aetiology of pica, future longitudinal studies integrating biological, psychological, social and neuroimaging measures are needed.
Biostatistiques et épidémiologieHématologieSanté publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of theLicense, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Le Piebaldisme est une maladie autosomique dominante rare caractérisée par une anomalie congénitale de la pigmentation de la peau devenant parsemé de zones hypopigmentaires. Il est dû à une anomalie de développement des mélanocytes. Il atteint généralement la peau en exclusivité, par ailleurs il peut être associé à d'autres anomalies ou être confondu avec d'autres diagnostics différentiels. Nous présentons le cas d'un garçon de 5ans atteint de piebaldisme dans le cadre d'un phénotype dermatologique familial sans autres atteintes. Nous discuterons à travers ce cas la pathogénie, la clinique, les diagnostics différentiels ainsi que les modalités de prise en charge et les nouveaux essais thérapeutiques.
Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Médecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.