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  • Article libreArticle

    Aspects épidémiologiques, nutritionnels et anatomopathologiques des cancers colorectaux dans la région du grand Casablanca

    Fatima Ezzahra Imad, Houda Drissi, Nezha Tawfiq, Karima Bendahhou, Nadia Tahiri Jouti, Abdellatif Benider, Driss Radallah

    Introductionle cancer colorectal constitue un problème majeur de santé publique. L’objectif de notre étude est d’analyser le profil épidémiologique, nutritionnel, clinique et anatomo-pathologique des cancers colorectaux recrutés au CHU de Casablanca.Méthodesnotre étude cas-témoins a porté sur les patients pris en charge pour un cancer colorectal durant l’année 2015, comparés à des témoins non suivi pour un cancer.Résultatsl’âge moyen des patients était de 56,65 ans avec un écart type de 14,64. Le type histologique le plus fréquent chez nos patients était représenté par l’adénocarcinome Lieberkühnien avec une proportion de 82 %. L’analyse de l’indice de masse corporelle a permis de retrouver une obésité chez 50% des patients contre 20% des témoins et un diabète chez 19% des patients versus 8% des témoins (p < 0,019). Par ailleurs, l’étude du régime alimentaire des patients comparé à celui des témoins semble montrer que la moyenne de la fréquence de consommation hebdomadaire de viandes rouges est plus élevée chez les patients que chez les témoins (4,24 vs 3,26; p = 0,009) et inversement pour la consommation du poisson (0,97 contre 1,76; p = 0,0001). En revanche, la moyenne de consommation des légumes et des fruits est plus faible chez les patients que chez les témoins (5,00 vs 9,50; p = 0,0001). Concernant les habitudes toxiques de nos patients, 32% des patients étaient fumeurs vs 13 % des témoins.Conclusionnos résultats montrent que la prise de conscience à propos du régime alimentaire et des changements dans nos habitudes de vie pourrait réduire l’incidence du cancer colorectal et par conséquent la mortalité et la morbidité.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Article libreArticle

    Aspects épidémiologiques, pronostiques et thérapeutiques de l'hématome retro placentaire (HRP) dans une maternité de référence en zone rurale

    Ousmane Thiam, Magatte Mbaye, Abdou Aziz Diouf, Fode Baba Touré, Mamour Gueye, Mansour Niang, Mamadou Lamine Cissé, Sidy Dièye, Jean Charles Moreau

    IntroductionIL s'agira ici d’ identifier les particularités diagnostiques et la prise en charge de l'HRP au Centre Hospitalier de Ndioum au Sénégal.MéthodesEtude rétrospective descriptive menée à l'hôpital régional de Ndioum, durant la période allant du 1er Janvier 2009 au 31 Décembre 2011. Toutes les patientes qui avaient présenté un HRP étaient incluses. Pour chaque patiente, nous avions étudié les paramètres socio-démographiques et cliniques, les données thérapeutiques et le pronostic materno-foetal.RésultatsLa fréquence était de 6,05%. L’âge moyen de nos patientes était compris entre 29 et 84 ans et la parité moyenne de 4,92. Aucune consultation prénatale n’était effectuée chez 16% des patientes. Les évacuations représentaient 66% de cas. L’âge gestationnel moyen était de 36 semaines d'aménorrhées et la majorité des patientes (86%) était en travail. La gravite du tableau clinique était appréciée selon la classification de Sher avec 63% (114 cas) au grade 3. Une coagulopathie était observée chez 27,2% des patientes. Nous avions retrouvé une relation statistiquement significative entre la gravite du tableau clinique et le pronostic maternel (p = 0,026) et foetal (p = 0,0000). Une direction du travail était effectuée chez 109 patientes (60% des cas). L'expulsion foetale était obtenue par voie basse dans 49% des cas et une césarienne était effectuée dans 51% des cas. La morbidité maternelle était dominée par l'anémie secondaire à une hémorragie aigue dans 17,8% des cas et à l'insuffisance rénale aigue dans 6,1% des cas. Les éléments de mauvais pronostic étaient représentés par la gravité du tableau clinique (p = 0,03) et le mode d'admission dominé par les évacuations (p = 0,01), la relation était statistiquement significative. La voie d'accouchement n’était pas retrouvée comme élément de mauvais pronostic (p = 0,09). Nous avions noté douze cas de décès maternels soit 6,6% des patientes.ConclusionLa prévention de la mortalité maternelle et foetale liée à cette affect

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieHématologieGynécologie-obstétriqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Article libreArticle

    Aspects histo-épidémiologiques des cancers génitaux de la femme dans la région du Littoral, Cameroun

    Jean Paul Ndamba Engbang, Valère Mve Koh, Charlotte Nguefack Tchente, Amadou Fewou

    Décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et histopathologiques des tumeurs malignes génitales de la femme dans la région du littoral du Cameroun. Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique portant sur les cancers des organes génitaux de la femme, histologiquement prouvés pendant une période de 10 ans (2004-2013), répertoriés dans les registres des trois laboratoires d'anatomopathologie de la région (Hôpital Laquintinie de Douala, Hôpital Général de Douala, laboratoire Anapathos) et des services d'oncologie de ces hôpitaux. Les variables étudiées étaient: la fréquence, l’âge, le sexe, la localisation de la tumeur et le type histopathologique. Au total, 802 cas de cancers génitaux de la femme ont été recensés, soit une fréquence annuelle de 80,2 cas en moyenne. Le col utérin avec 580 cas (72,32%) a été la localisation la plus fréquente; suivi de l'endomètre (corps utérin) avec 93 cas (11,60%), puis des ovaires 91 cas (11,35%). L’âge moyen des patientes était de 50, 30±12,67 ans, avec les extrêmes allant de 14 à 85 ans. Selon le type histologique, les tumeurs épithéliales ont été les plus fréquemment rencontrées, soit 758 patientes (94,51%), les lymphomes venaient en seconde position avec 29 cas (3, 62%), les autres variétés histologiques (sarcomes, tumeurs germinales, tumeurs du mésenchyme et du cordon) représentant moins chacune de 1%. Les tumeurs malignes des organes génitaux féminins sont fréquentes dans la région du littoral du Cameroun, elles sont dominées essentiellement par le cancer du col utérin. Les tumeurs épithéliales sont le type histologique le plus fréquent.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Lien vers la sourceThèse

    Aspects perceptifs de la restitution sonore

    Vincent Koehl

    Ce mémoire résume les activités de recherche que j’ai menées depuis 2006 à l’Université de Bretagne Occidentale (Brest). Celles-ci se sont d’abord déroulées dans le cadre du Laboratoire d’Informatique des Systèmes Complexes (LISyC EA 3883, de 2006 à 2012) et actuellement dans le cadre du Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l’Information, de la Communication et de la Connaissance (Lab-STICC UMR CNRS 6285, de 2012 jusqu’à présent). Ces recherches relèvent de la psychoacoustique et portent principalement sur la perception du son dans des contextes où celui-ci est restitué : la réalité virtuelle, le cinéma, la diffusion musicale (avec ou sans image associée) et les télécommunications. Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire portent sur des aspects fondamentaux comme appliqués de la perception sonore, avec pour exemples respectifs la compréhension des mécanismes de localisation auditive et l’évaluation de la qualité sonore. Ils sont ordonnés selon cinq axes présentant parfois des problématiques et méthodologies communes. Les principales expériences relatives à chacun de ces axes sont décrites ici de manière synthétiques. Enfin, les perspectives ouvertes par leurs principaux résultats permettent de définir un projet de recherche s’inscrivant à la fois dans la poursuite des études passées et dans le développement de nouveaux axes de recherche.

    SémiologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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  • Lien vers la sourceArticle

    Aspects psycho-fonctionnels de l'intégration prothétique chez l'édenté complet

    Véronique Dupuis, Odile Laviole, Bernard Claverie

    Le vieillissement s'accompagne d'une détresse psychologique due à une diminution des capacités physiques et intellectuelles du sujet âgé. Cet état d'infériorité est encore aggravé par un processus d'édentation totale qui concourt à écarter progres- sivement le sujet de toute vie sociale. Dans ce cas, la réhabilitation fonctionnelle est indis sociable d'une nécessaire approche psycholo- gique. Aussi l'intégration de la prothèse a djointe totale dépend-elle autant des qualités relation- nelles du praticien que de ses capacités tech- niques. Ces problèmes d'ordre psychologique deviennent alors un facteur majeur de réussite du traitement.

    SémiologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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  • Article libreArticle

    Aspergillose broncho-pulmonaire allergique lors d'un asthme réfractaire: à propos d'un cas clinique

    Khalid Lahmadi, Hind El Youssi, Jawad Rochdi, Boughrine Nawal, Er-Rami Mohammed

    L'asthme réfractaire demeure une préoccupation majeure du clinicien; et cache de multiples entités pathologiques dont l'aspergillose bronchopulmonaire allergique (ABPA). Il s'agit d'une maladie rare dont la prévalence serait de 1 à 2% chez les asthmatiques et jusqu’à 9% chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose. Nous rapportant le cas d'une patiente âgée de 76 ans connue asthmatique sous traitement dont la symptomatologie s'est aggravée par l'installation d'une dyspnée stade IV, une gêne respiratoire et une toux ramenant des expectorations muqueuses. Dans le bilan étiologique de l'exacerbation de son asthme, on a retrouvé une hyperéosinophilie constante et des IgE totales et spécifiques augmentées. L'examen direct des crachats et la culture ont permis l'isolement d’Aspergillus fumigatus. La radiographie pulmonaire et tomodensitométrie thoracique ont montré une dilatation des bronches et un syndrome interstitiel. Compte tenu du contexte clinique et des données biologiques et radiologiques, le diagnostic d'ABPA a été retenu.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Article libreArticle

    Aspergillose naso-sinusienne pseudo-tumorale

    Rim Lahiani, Madiha Mahfoudhi

    Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Article libreArticle

    Aspergillose pulmonaire chronique nécrosante à Aspergillus niger chez un patient tabagique et ancien tuberculeux

    Ghita Yahyaoui, Imane Tlamçani, Salma Benjelloun, Mohamed Atwani, Mohamed Errami

    Nous rapportons le cas d'une aspergillose pulmonaire chronique nécrosante chez un patient tabagique et ancien tuberculeux. Le diagnostic a été basé sur des critères radiologiques, tomodensitométriques et mycologiques. Le champignon a été isolé des crachats et de la pièce d'exérèse. En plus du traitement chirurgical, un traitement médical à base de voriconazole a été instauré. Une dose de charge de 600mg a été administrée le premier jour sous forme de deux injections intraveineuses espacées de 12 heurs, ensuite 400mg par jour répartie en deux prises matin et soir. Après 45 jours de traitement, une amélioration clinique et radiologique a été déjà observée. Lors d'aspergillose pulmonaire chronique nécrosante, un traitement antifongique de longue durée parait être nécessaire. Le Maroc est un pays bien ensoleillé, notre malade risquerait de développer une photosensibilisation. En plus l'itraconazole pouvant être une bonne alternative thérapeutique n'est pas disponible sur le marché national.

    Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Maladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Article libreArticle

    Aspergillose sterno-costale après angioplastie coronaire: à propos d’un cas

    Ahd Ouladlahsen, Sanaa Jebbar, Laila Benkiran, Latifa Marih, Mustapha Sodqi, Soussi-Abdellaoui Maha, Zouhair Chefchaouini, Brahim Idali, Chaoui Zouhair

    L´aspergillose sternale est extrêmement rare. Parmi tous les cas d´aspergillose invasive rapportés dans la littérature, l´incidence de l´ostéomyélite est inférieure à trois pour cent. L´aspergillose survient préférentiellement sur un terrain d´immunodépression. La présentation clinique et radiologique est peu spécifique. La contamination se fait essentiellement par inhalation de spores, mais elle peut aussi atteindre directement une zone vulnérable après un acte médical. Le diagnostic est souvent difficile à faire et peut nécessiter plusieurs semaines. Surtout si le médecin ne pense pas à un Aspergillus. Le diagnostic positif est orienté par l´imagerie mais sa confirmation est anatomopathologique et/ou mycologique. Le pronostic dépend essentiellement de la précocité d´administration du traitement. Nous présentons un patient de 63 ans, diabétique, ayant une ostéomyélite à Aspergillus de localisation sterno-costale survenue après une angioplastie coronaire.

    ImmunologieMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Pan African Medical Journal (ISSN: 1937-8688). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, p
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  • Lien vers la sourceMémoire

    Assemblage de Génomes de Chênes Pédonculés

    Eléanore Lacoste

    Les changements globaux rapides de ces dernières décennies ont un impact majeur sur la santé des espèces reconnues comme ressources naturelles. Dans ce contexte, la diversité génétique est un facteur prépondérant permettant l’adaptation de ces organismes aux fortes pressions de sélection . Une des meilleures manières d’étudier la diversité génétique d’une espèce est d'obtenir un ou plusieurs génomes de référence pour celle-ci. En tant qu’arbre iconique présent partout en Europe, le chêne est une ressource naturelle et un modèle d’étude important. C’est pourquoi nous avons cherché à assembler les génomes de 4 individus de l’espèce Quercus robur. Pour les assemblages, nous avons comparé plusieurs combinaisons de jeux de données et d’assembleurs. Nous avons obtenu les meilleurs résultats en utilisant Necat avec l’ensemble des données suivi d’un polishing multi-logiciel. Les génomes obtenus étant hautement hétérozygotes, nous avons créé une séquence consensus haploïde à l’aide d’Haplomerger2 qui donnait des résultats légèrement mais significativement meilleurs que Purge_dups. Enfin, les différents jeux de données et méthodes de scaffolding nous ont permis d’organiser nos assemblages pour produire 4 génomes de meilleure qualité que la référence actuelle avec plus de 95% des bases séquencées ancrées sur les chromosomes et plus de 97% des gènes attendus complets.

    BiochimieBiologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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  • Lien vers la sourceArticleEn anglais

    Assessing Acceptability of a Diagnostic and Malaria Treatment Package Delivered by Community Health Workers in Malaria-Endemic Settings of Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda

    Ayodele S. Jegede, Frederick O. Oshiname, Armande K. Sanou, Jesca Nsungwa-Sabiiti, IkeOluwapo O. Ajayi, Mohamadou Siribié, Chinenye Afonne, Luc Sermé, Catherine O. Falade

    Background. The efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and rectal artesunate for severe malaria in children is proven. However, acceptability of a package of interventions that included use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), ACTs, and rectal artesunate when provided by community health workers (CHWs) is uncertain. This study assessed acceptability of use of CHWs for case management of malaria using RDTs, ACTs, and rectal artesunate.Methods. The study was carried out in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda in 2015 toward the end of an intervention using CHWs to provide diagnosis and treatment. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with parents of sick children, community leaders, and health workers to understand whether they accepted the package for case management of malaria using CHWs. Transcripts from FGDs and KII recordings were analyzed using content analysis. The findings were described, interpreted, and reported in the form of narratives.Results. Treatment of malaria using the CHWs was acceptable to caregivers and communities. The CHWs were perceived to be accessible, diligent, and effective. There were no physical, social, or cultural barriers to accessing the CHWs’ services. Respondents were extremely positive about the intervention and were concerned that CHWs had limited financial and nonfinancial incentives that would reduce their motivation and willingness to continue.Conclusions. Treatment of malaria using CHWs was fully accepted. CHWs should be compensated, trained, and well supervised.Clinical Trials Registration. ISRCTN13858170.

    Parasitologie et mycologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesPédiatrieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/legalcode This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution IGO License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In any r
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing changes in costs of maternal postpartum services between 2013 and 2014 in Burkina Faso

    Danielle Yugbaré Belemsaga, Anne Goujon, Olivier Degomme, Tchichihouenichidah Nassa, Els Duysburgh, Seni Kouanda, Marleen Temmerman

    IntroductionIn Africa, a majority of women bring their infant to health services for immunization, but few are checked in the postpartum (PP) period. The Missed opportunities for maternal and infant health (MOMI) EU-funded project has implemented a package of interventions at community and facility levels to uptake maternal and infant postpartum care (PPC). One of these interventions is the integration of maternal PPC in child clinics and infant immunization services, which proved to be successful for improving maternal and infant PPC.AimTaking stock of the progress achieved in terms of PPC with the implementation of the interventions, this paper assesses the economic cost of maternal PPC services, for health services and households, before and after the project start in Kaya health district (Burkina Faso).MethodsPPC costs to health services are estimated using secondary data on personnel and infrastructure and primary data on time allocation. Data from two household surveys collected before and after one year intervention among mothers within one year PP are used to estimate the household cost of maternal PPC visits. We also compare PPC costs for households and health services with or without integration. We focus on the costs of the PPC intervention at days 6–10 that was most successful.ResultsThe average unit cost of health services for days 6–10 maternal PPC decreased from 4.6 USD before the intervention in 2013 (Jan-June) to 3.5 USD after the intervention implementation in 2014. Maternal PPC utilization increased with the implementation of the interventions but so did days 6–10 household mean costs. Similarly, the household costs increased with the integration of maternal PPC to BCG immunization.ConclusionIn the context of growing reproductive health expenditures from many funding sources in Burkina Faso, the uptake of maternal PPC led to a cost reduction, as shown for days 6–10, at health services level. Further research should determine whether the increase i

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieImmunologiePédiatrieLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing educational needs of sickle cell anemia healthcare providers in sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean

    Teresa S. Latham, Russell E. Ware, Lisa Marie Shook

    ObjectivesSickle cell anemia (SCA) causes childhood morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings. Identifying educational needs of healthcare providers allows implementation of targeted programs using evidence-based methods.MethodsQualitative data using semi-structured online interviews and surveys were collected from sites across eight countries. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for thematic analysis.ResultsEighteen healthcare providers (50% female) from six countries in Africa and the Caribbean were recruited. Four overarching themes emerged: (1) few training opportunities; (2) personal payment for training; (3) busy clinic schedules, so training must occur on personal time; and (4) travel constraints for attending conferences. All participants requested virtual telementoring for continuing education and emphasized an interactive format.ConclusionThis needs assessment highlights the opportunity to implement telementoring educational programs, such as Project ECHO©, to increase knowledge among multidisciplinary healthcare providers treating children with SCA in resource-limited settings. Providers demonstrated a high level of interest and engagement in education delivered through established North–South partnerships. Telementoring offers an opportunity for capacity building, supporting evidence-based treatment and improving access to knowledgeable providers, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieHématologiePédiatrieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journa
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing effectiveness of a community based health insurance in rural Burkina Faso

    Sennen Hounton, Peter Byass, Bocar Kouyate

    BackgroundFinancial barriers are a recognized major bottleneck of access and use of health services. The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness of a community based health insurance (CBHI) scheme on utilization of health services as well as on mortality and morbidity.MethodsData were collected from April to December 2007 from the Nouna’s Demographic Surveillance System on overall mortality, utilization of health services, household characteristics, distance to health facilities, membership in the Nouna CBHI. We analyzed differentials in overall mortality and selected maternal health process measures between members and non-members of the insurance scheme.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates there was no significant difference in overall mortality between households who could not have been members (because their area was yet to be covered by the stepped-wedged scheme), non-members but whose households could have been members (areas covered but not enrolled), and members of the insurance scheme. The risk of overall mortality increased significantly with distance to health facility (35% more outside Nouna town) and with education level (37% lower when at least primary school education achieved in households).ConclusionThere was no statistically significant difference in overall mortality between members and non-members. The enrolment rates remain low, with selection bias. It is important that community based health insurances, exemptions fees policy and national health insurances be evaluated on prevention of deaths and severe morbidities instead of on drop-out rates, selection bias, adverse selection and catastrophic payments for health care only. Effective social protection will require national health insurance.

    Gynécologie-obstétriqueSanté publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing factors associated with owner’s individual decision to vaccinate their dogs against rabies: A house-to-house survey in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    Madi Savadogo, Abdoul-Fataf Soré, Laibané Dieudonné Dahourou, Walter Ossebi, Alima Hadjia Banyala Combari, Rianatou Bada Alambedji, Zékiba Tarnagda

    Background and Aim:In rabies endemic area, dog vaccination is an effective way of controlling the disease in animals and humans if a minimum of 70% vaccination coverage is reached. This study aimed to identify dog demographics and household characteristics associated with dogs’ vaccination against rabies in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.Materials and Methods:A questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents with regard to their dogs’ demographics and their household characteristics. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were performed to assess the association between explicative variables and the dogs’ vaccination status.Results:Overall, as per the findings of this study, it was determined that out of 424 dogs, 57.8% were reportedly vaccinated. The vaccination status was significantly associated with most of the household variables (e.g., gender of the respondent, age, level of education, main means of transportation, participation in a vaccination campaign, knowledge on rabies, and knowledge on dog vaccination) and the dogs’ variables (breed of dog, dog origin, purpose for keeping, confinement status, and perceived behavior) (p<0.05). Moreover, only religion, type of housing, knowledge of rabies transmission modes, and dog sex were not significantly associated with vaccination status (p>0.05).Conclusion:Our study generated informative data showing that animal health workers could develop effective rabies vaccination strategy planning by examining owned dog demographics and their husbandry practices in households.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieImmunologieSanté publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provi
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing food consumed away from home in low-and middle-income countries by developing specific modules for household surveys: Experimental evidence from Vietnam and Burkina Faso

    In a world rapidly transitioning, food consumption away from home is rising, therefore representing an increasing share of individual’s diet. Food consumed away from home negatively impacts diet, nutritional status and consequently has detrimental effects on health. In some contexts, where individual level dietary intake surveys are not regularly conducted, this behavior is not well documented leading to a gap of knowledge. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate in Burkina Faso and Vietnam specific modules that could be added to Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys that are usually regularly conducted worldwide, in order to document the economic and nutritional importance of food consumption away from home. In each country, two survey modules, one long (100 food items) and one short (30 food items) were developed, to measure individual-level food consumption away from home over the last 7 days. The modules were relatively validated in comparison with data from three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls conducted over the same 7-days period. The validation was conducted in different settings (urban, peri-urban and rural) in Burkina Faso (n = 924) and Vietnam (n = 918). In both countries, a good concordance between the 24-hour dietary recalls and the modules in their ability to identify a person as having consumed food away from home (>77%) was found. However, in both countries, both modules underestimate the mean energy intake coming from foods consumed away from home (from 122 to 408 kcal) while they overestimate the budget allocated to it (from -0.07 to -0.29 USD/day). None of developed food away from home modules were considered as valid. There is a need for the international community to continue to work on developing and validating tools capable to estimate nutritional intakes related to food consumption away from home and that could be added to regular national household-level surveys.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing heat exposure and its effects on farmer health, harvest yields, and nutrition: a study protocol for Burkina Faso and Kenya

    Sandra Barteit, Windpanga Aristide Ouédraogo, Charlotte Müller, Pascal Zabré, Issouf Traoré, Valentin Boudo, Ali Sié, Guillaume Compaoré, Lucienne Ouèrmi, Stephen Munga, David Obor, Aditi Bunker, Hanns-Christian Gunga, Kristine Belesova, Till Bärnighausen, Jonas Franke, Maximilian Schwarz, Martina Anna Maggioni, Rainer Sauerborn

    ABSTRACTRising temperatures in Africa present an increasing threat to agricultural productivity and public health, particularly among subsistence farming communities reliant on rain-fed agriculture. Heat exposure can impair farmers’ work capacity, disrupt harvests, and heighten health risks, especially for young children vulnerable to undernutrition. The Heat to Harvest (H2H) study investigates how environmental heat exposure influences farmers’ physiological and behavioral responses, and how these in turn affect harvest yields and child nutrition. It also examines differences in labor performance and recovery between households with and without cool roof coatings, although this intervention is not the central focus. H2H is designed as a prospective cohort study nested within two Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) in Nouna, Burkina Faso, and Siaya, Kenya. The study integrates environmental monitoring (temperature and humidity sensors used to compute Wet Bulb Globe Temperature), biometric data (via wearables tracking heart rate, temperature, physical activity, energy expenditure, and sleep), and GPS tracking (capturing spatial mobility and labor duration). The study is embedded within a larger cluster-randomized controlled trial, facilitating comparative analysis under varying thermal conditions. Findings will provide evidence-based insights into how climate-related heat stress affects health and agricultural outcomes, supporting the development of targeted adaptation strategies to enhance resilience, health, and food security in vulnerable farming communities. Paper contextMain focusThis methods paper outlines the approach to studying heat exposure’s impact on subsistence farmers’ work capacity in Burkina Faso and Kenya, and its effects on crop yields and child nutrition.Added knowledgeIt introduces a novel framework combining wearable technology and remote sensing to assess the physiological and agricultural effects of heat stress in vulnerable farm

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this a
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    Assessing ITN textile preferences: A comparative study of polyethylene and polyester nets across different settings in Burkina Faso

    Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are crucial for preventing malaria and other vector-borne diseases, effectively reducing transmission and mortality rates. However, their uptake remains low, influenced by textile preferences, with polyester nets being favored for comfort, despite their shorter lifespan compared to other materials. A study in Burkina Faso aimed to understand community preferences for ITN fabrics across different environmental contexts to improve malaria control strategies. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study surveyed and interviewed urban and rural communities in three climatic zones of Burkina Faso to identify socio-economic, environmental, and cultural factors shaping ITN material preferences. The study found that 95.2% (95% CI: 94.6–95.7) of participants had a preference for a specific ITN fabric, with 93% (95% CI: 92.3-93.6) favoring polyester over polyethylene, citing superior comfort, breathability, and protection. Regional differences emerged, with rural areas and the Humid savannah-Sahelian zone showing a stronger preference for polyester nets, especially in larger sizes. The study recommended that malaria control programs prioritize polyester-based nets, offer larger sizes for rural populations, use smaller mesh sizes, and adopt rectangular designs to improve coverage and comfort. Urban populations emphasized comfort and efficacy, while rural areas focused more on durability and size. Factors like ease of maintenance, comfort, and local climate were significant in shaping preferences. The study concluded that tailoring ITN distribution strategies to regional needs such as adjusting net size and mesh could improve malaria control efforts. These insights can guide the optimization of malaria prevention programs, enhancing their effectiveness and long-term sustainability in diverse settings.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieParasitologie et mycologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing risk factors for tuberculosis treatment failure among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in four health regions of Burkina Faso, 2009

    Bernard Sawadogo, Mamadou Sawadogo

    Conducting research studies is one of the competencies that epidemiology students should have after two years training as a crucial component to identifying and resolving public health problems. This case study is developed from a research study on assessing risks factors on tuberculosis treatment failure in Burkina Faso in 2009 to help students to cover these competences. This case study is ideal for reinforcing principles of conducting case-control studies for risk-factor assessment. The case study will help epidemiology learners outline a study proposal, reinforce knowledge about research design, data collection and data analysis issues, recognize the importance of ethics in research, and interpret results and use them to make conclusions and recommendations.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Maladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing roost disturbance of straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) through tri-axial acceleration

    The disturbance of wildlife by humans is a worldwide phenomenon that contributes to the loss of biodiversity. It can impact animals’ behaviour and physiology, and this can lead to changes in species distribution and richness. Wildlife disturbance has mostly been assessed through direct observation. However, advances in bio-logging provide a new range of sensors that may allow measuring disturbance of animals with high precision and remotely, and reducing the effects of human observers. We used tri-axial accelerometers to identify daytime flights of roosting straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum), which were used as a proxy for roost disturbance. This bat species roosts on trees in large numbers (often reaching hundreds of thousands of animals), making them highly vulnerable to disturbance. We captured and tagged 46 straw-coloured fruit bats with dataloggers, containing a global positioning system (GPS) and an accelerometer, in five roosts in Ghana, Burkina Faso and Zambia. Daytime roost flights were identified from accelerometer signatures and modelled against our activity in the roosts during the days of trapping, as a predictor of roost disturbance, and natural stressors (solar irradiance, precipitation and wind speed). We found that daytime roost flight probability increased during days of trapping and with increasing solar irradiance (which may reflect the search for shade to prevent overheating). Our results validate the use of accelerometers to measure roost disturbance of straw-coloured fruit bats and suggest that these devices may be very useful in conservation monitoring programs for large fruit bat species.

    Santé publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing the correlation between STAR health risk forecasts with actual health emergencies in West and Central Africa: a three-year analysis

    Daniel Yota, Christian Eric Massidi, Ambrose Talisuna, Omer Njajou Tchikamgoua

    IntroductionThis study evaluates the Strategic Tool for Assessing Risks (STAR), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), for its effectiveness in predicting public health emergencies across West and Central Africa during the period 2022–2024. STAR applies a composite risk scoring system based on four dimensions likelihood, severity, vulnerability, and coping capacity to classify hazards such as measles, cholera, and meningitis into five risk categories ranging from very low to very high.MethodsUsing a retrospective observational design, the study integrates quantitative outbreak data with qualitative assessments of preparedness actions across nine countries. The analysis demonstrates that STAR’s predictive accuracy varies significantly by hazard and context.ResultsMeningitis forecasts were consistently accurate, primarily due to the disease’s strong seasonality and well-established epidemiological patterns in the African meningitis belt. In contrast, predictions for measles and cholera were less reliable, influenced by fluctuating immunization coverage, socio-political instability, and environmental factors such as water and sanitation conditions. Case studies illustrate these discrepancies: Burkina Faso’s cholera risk was overestimated, resulting in zero reported cases despite a high-risk classification, while Guinea’s measles outbreak closely matched STAR’s high-risk prediction. The findings also highlight that effective preparedness measures, including vaccination campaigns, hygiene promotion, and cross-border coordination, can mitigate high-risk scenarios, as observed in Gabon and Burkina Faso. Key themes emerging from the analysis include STAR’s strength in forecasting predictable hazards and its limitations due to static inputs and low geographic granularity.DiscussionWhile STAR is not a statistical forecasting model, its participatory, multi-sectoral approach provides strategic value by guiding planning, prioritization, and resource allocation for he

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)ImmunologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journa
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing the Effect of Extreme Weather on Population Health Using Consumer-Grade Wearables in Rural Burkina Faso: Observational Panel Study

    BackgroundExtreme weather, including heat and extreme rainfall, is projected to increase owing to climate change, which can have adverse impacts on human health. In particular, rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa are at risk because of a high burden of climate-sensitive diseases and low adaptive capacities. However, there is a lack of data on the regions that are anticipated to be most exposed to climate change. Improved public health surveillance is essential for better decision-making and health prioritization and to identify risk groups and suitable adaptation measures. Digital technologies such as consumer-grade wearable devices (wearables) may generate objective measurements to guide data-driven decision-making.ObjectiveThe main objective of this observational study was to examine the impact of weather exposure on population health in rural Burkina Faso using wearables. Specifically, this study aimed to assess the relationship between individual daily activity (steps), sleep duration, and heart rate (HR), as estimated by wearables, and exposure to heat and heavy rainfall.MethodsOverall, 143 participants from the Nouna health and demographic surveillance system in Burkina Faso wore the Withings Pulse HR wearable 24/7 for 11 months. We collected continuous weather data using 5 weather stations throughout the study region. The heat index and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) were calculated as measures of heat. We used linear mixed-effects models to quantify the relationship between exposure to heat and rainfall and the wearable parameters. Participants kept activity journals and completed a questionnaire on their perception of and adaptation to heat and other weather exposure.ResultsSleep duration decreased significantly (P<.001) with higher heat exposure, with approximately 15 minutes shorter sleep duration during heat stress nights with a heat index value of ≥25 °C. Many participants (55/137, 40.1%) reported that heat affected them the most at night. During

    Santé publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://mhealth.jmir.org/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Assessing the effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on malaria burden among children under 5 years in Burkina Faso

    Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, Vincent De Brouwere, Arnold Fottsoh Fokam, Mady Ouédraogo, Yazoumé Yé

    BackgroundIn 2014, the Burkina Faso government launched the Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) programme. Expected benefit was a 75% reduction of all malaria episodes and a 75% drop of severe malaria episodes. This study assessed SMC efficiency on malaria morbidity in the country after 2 years of implementation.MethodsQuasi-experimental design comparing changes in outcomes during the high transmission period (August–November) between SMC and non-SMC health districts before (2013–2014) and after intervention (two rounds in 2015 and 2016). Health indicators (number of uncomplicated malaria cases (UM) and severe malaria cases (SM)) from 19 health districts (8 in intervention and 11 in comparison group) were extracted from the District Health Information System (DHIS2)-based platform including health facilities data. Effect on incidence was assessed by fitting difference-in difference mixed-effects negative binomial regression model at a log scale.ResultsThe two rounds of SMC were associated with a reduction of UM incidence (ratio of incidence rate ratio (IRR) 69% (95% CI 55–86%); p = 0.001) and SM incidence (ratio of IRR = 73% (55–95%), p = 0.018) among under five children.ConclusionThe two rounds of SMC had a significant effect on the reduction of malaria cases in under five children. This additional evidence on the effectiveness of SMC, using routine data, support the need to sustain its implementation and consider expansion to eligible areas not yet covered.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04172-z.

    Parasitologie et mycologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesPédiatrieLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as
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    Assessing the Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Intervention on Hand Hygiene and Well-Being in Primary Health Care Centers and Schools Lacking Functional Water Supply in Protracted Conflict Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

    BackgroundHand hygiene is crucial in health care centers and schools to avoid disease transmission. Currently, little is known about hand hygiene in such facilities in protracted conflict settings.ObjectiveThis protocol aims to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent hand hygiene intervention on handwashing behavior, underlying behavioral factors, and the well-being of health care workers and students. Moreover, we report our methodology and statistical analysis plan transparently.MethodsThis is a cluster randomized controlled trial with 2 parallel arms taking place in 4 countries for 1 year. In Burkina Faso and Mali, we worked in 24 primary health care centers per country, whereas in Nigeria and Palestine, we focused on 26 primary schools per country. Facilities were eligible if they were not connected to a functioning water source but were deemed accessible to the implementation partners. Moreover, health care centers were eligible if they had a maternity ward and ≥5 employees, and schools if they had ≤7000 students studying in grades 5 to 7. We used covariate-constrained randomization to assign intervention facilities that received a hardware, management and monitoring support, and behavior change. Control facilities will receive the same or improved intervention after endline data collection. To evaluate the intervention, at baseline and endline, we used a self-reported survey, structured handwashing observations, and hand-rinse samples. At follow-up, hand-rinse samples were dropped. Starting from the intervention implementation, we collected longitudinal data on hygiene-related health conditions and absenteeism. We also collected qualitative data with focus group discussions and interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively and with random effect regression models with the random effect at a cluster level. The primary outcome for health centers is the handwashing rate, defined as the number of times health care workers performed good handwashing practice wi

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieGynécologie-obstétriqueSanté publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://www.researchprotocols.org This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first pu
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