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  Entre le médecin et le supérieur hiérarchique : être infirmier(e) docteur(e) ou doctorant(e) dans les organisations de santé en France

  Nsuni Met, Mathias Waelli

  ContexteDans un contexte de complexification des prises en charge et de contraintes financières accrues, les infirmier(e)s s’engagent de façon croissante dans des parcours doctoraux. C’est le cas en France, où le processus d’universitarisation de la profession est cependant peu avancé en comparaison des pays anglo-saxons. Les démarches de thèse s’inscrivent ici dans un cadre peu formalisé, notamment au niveau de l’organisation du travail. Des études mettent à jour des pratiques scientifiques émergentes, mais le niveau d’intégration de ces pratiques dans les organisations et le vécu de la thèse est encore mal connu.L’objectif de cette étude, est alors de mieux comprendre comment se déroulent les parcours de ces infirmier(e)s docteur(e)s/doctorant(e)s dans les organisations de santé.MéthodeCette étude repose sur 27 heures d’observation in situ auprès de coordinateurs de recherche et 45 entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’infirmier(e)s PhD ou doctorant(e)s exerçant en France réalisés entre novembre 2018 et juin 2020. Les enquêté(e)s ont été choisis parmi les 165 profils infirmiers docteur(e)s et doctorants identifiés lors d’un travail de recensement préalable.RésultatsDans un premier temps, l’approche biographique fait apparaître tout à la fois l’importance et l’ambiguïté du rôle occupé par les médecins dans la construction des projets doctoraux infirmiers et dans le processus d’universitarisation de la profession. Du point de vue organisationnel, les données soulignent de nombreuses tensions entre leur démarche de thèse et les exigences du travail. Ces tensions sont relayées à la fois par les cadres de santé prioritairement investis dans la gestion des équipes et par des collègues sur le terrain qui valorisent une autre conception du métier. Ainsi ces tensions organisationnelles reflètent un enjeu fort d’identification/émancipation vécu par des infirmier(e)s docteur(e)s et doctorant(e)s très marqués par une conception du mandat infirmier valorisant leur présence au che

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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  Entropion congénital bilatéral: à propos d'un cas

  Hakima Elouarradi, Rajae Daoudi

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Enucléation d’un kyste hydatique du muscle psoas chez un enfant

  Hicham Abdellaoui, Youssef Bouabdallah

  Hydatid cyst of the psoas muscle is exceptional and manifests itself as a non-specific mass syndrome. Pain or compressive symptoms lead patients to go to their doctor. This cyst is characterized by an insidious development, which explains why they can grow large. Abdominal ultrasound is the gold standard test. CT scan is better in detecting the relations between this cyst and its neighboring structures. Surgery is the therapeutic method of choice. Extraperitoneal approach helps prevent intra-abdominal contamination. Perikystectomy should be performed or, even better, enucleation. Puncture, evacuation and sterilization of the cyst are even more effective because the cyst develops in the full thickness of the psoas muscle. Too large an excision may compromise functional outcome. Prognosis is generally good. We here report the case of a 5-year old girl of rural origin presenting with a 3-month history of painful mass in the right iliac fossa characterized by a progressive and insidious development. Ultrasound showed anechogenic cystic lesion in the right iliac fossa measuring 5538 mm, suggesting hydatid cyst (A). Scan (B) confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the iliopsoas muscle (measuring 5242*55 mm) associated with thinned iliac bone. Extra-peritoneal oblique mini-laparotomy was performed. Then, enucleation of the cyst without rupture was performed (C and D). Clinical and ultrasonographic follow-up was satisfactory.

  PédiatrieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Envenimation mortelle par morsure de serpent chez une femme enceinte

  Abdelkarim Shimi, Adnane M Berdai, Ilham Bahra, Ferdaous Messoudi, Mohamed Khatouf

  En Afrique, la prise en charge des envenimations vipérines demeure un problème majeur de santé publique avec un taux de mortalité qui reste élevé. La survenue d’une envenimation vipérine au cours de la grossesse est un événement rare, et grave du fait des conséquences maternelles et fœtales qui en découlent. Les auteurs rapportent un cas de morsure de serpent au niveau de la face chez une femme enceinte, dont l’évolution a été marquée par l’installation d’un œdème cervico-facial nécessitant une trachéotomie en urgence, et une mort fœtale in utero avec troubles de l’hémostase responsable du décès maternel dans un tableau de choc hémorragique.

  Gynécologie-obstétriqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Envenimation scorpionique compliqué d'un accident vasculaire cérébral ischemique

  Youssef Bibiche, Adnan Berdai, Smael Labib, Mustapha Harandou

  Les piqûres de scorpion sont dans un certain nombre de pays, un accident fréquemment rencontré, et un risque grave. Au Maroc, les données épidémiologiques établies par le centre anti-poison (CAPM) montrent que les piqûres scorpioniques se placent en tête de toutes les intoxications relevées par le centre (60%). Les envenimations scorpioniques posent un grand problème de santé publique. L'apparition de signes neurologiques lors d'une envenimation scorpionique témoigne d'une envenimation grave et correspond au stade III de l’échelle de sévérité. Nous rapportons le cas d'une envenimation scorpionique compliqué d'un Accident vasculaire cérébral ischémique (AVCI) chez un enfant.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Environmental Cyanide Pollution from Artisanal Gold Mining in Burkina Faso: Human Exposure Risk Analysis Based on a Conceptual Site Model

  Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Burkina Faso increasingly relies on cyanide, intensifying concerns about environmental contamination and human exposure. This study assessed free cyanide levels in water and soil across three ASGM sites—Zougnazagmiline, Guido, and Galgouli. Water samples (surface and groundwater) and topsoil (0–20 cm) were analyzed using the pyridine–pyrazolone method. Data were statistically and spatially processed using SPSS version 29.0 and the Google Earth Engine in conjunction with QGIS version 3.34, respectively. A site conceptual model (SCM) was also developed, based on the literature review, field observations, and validation by multidisciplinary experts in public health, toxicology, ecotoxicology, environmental engineering, and the mining sector, through a semi-structured survey. The results showed that 9.26% of the water samples exceeded the WHO guideline (0.07 mg/L), with peaks of 1.084 mg/L in Guido and 2.42 mg/L in Galgouli. At Zougnazagmiline, the water type differences were significant (F = 64.13; p < 0.001), unlike the other sites. In the soil, 29.36% of the samples exceeded 0.5 mg/kg, with concentrations reaching 9.79 mg/kg in Galgouli. A spatial analysis revealed pollution concentrated near the mining areas but spreading to residential and agricultural zones. The validated SCM integrates pollution sources, transport mechanisms, exposure routes, and vulnerable populations, offering a structured tool for environmental monitoring and health risk assessment in cyanide-impacted mining regions.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().

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  Environmental determinants of E. coli, link with the diarrheal diseases, and indication of vulnerability criteria in tropical West Africa (Kapore, Burkina Faso)

  In 2017, diarrheal diseases were responsible for 606 024 deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa. This situation is due to domestic and recreational use of polluted surface waters, deficits in hygiene, access to healthcare and drinking water, and to weak environmental and health monitoring infrastructures. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an indicator for the enteric pathogens that cause many diarrheal diseases. The links between E. coli, diarrheal diseases and environmental parameters have not received much attention in West Africa, and few studies have assessed health risks by taking into account hazards and socio-health vulnerabilities. This case study, carried out in Burkina Faso (Bagre Reservoir), aims at filling this knowledge gap by analyzing the environmental variables that play a role in the dynamics of E. coli, cases of diarrhea, and by identifying initial vulnerability criteria. A particular focus is given to satellite-derived parameters to assess whether remote sensing can provide a useful tool to assess the health hazard. Samples of surface water were routinely collected to measure E. coli, enterococci and suspended particulate matter (SPM) at a monitoring point (Kapore) during one year. In addition, satellite data were used to estimate precipitation, water level, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and SPM. Monthly epidemiological data for cases of diarrhea from three health centers were also collected and compared with microbiological and environmental data. Finally, semi-structured interviews were carried out to document the use of water resources, contact with elements of the hydrographic network, health behavior and condition, and water and health policy and prevention, in order to identify the initial vulnerability criteria. A positive correlation between E. coli and enterococci in surface waters was found indicating that E. coli is an acceptable indicator of fecal contamination in this region. E. coli and diarrheal diseases were strongly correlated w

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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  Environmental determinants of malaria transmission in African villages

  Noriko Endo, Elfatih A. B. Eltahir

  BackgroundMalaria transmission is complex, involving a range of hydroclimatological, biological, and environmental processes. The high degree of non-linearity in these processes makes it difficult to predict and intervene against malaria. This study seeks both to define a minimal number of malaria transmission determinants, and to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable environmental manipulation to prevent malaria transmission.MethodsUsing a field-tested mechanistic malaria model, HYDREMATS, a theoretical study was conducted under hypothetical conditions. Simulations were conducted with a range of hydroclimatological and environmental conditions: temperature (t), length of wet season (Twet), storm inter-arrival time (Tint), persistence of vector breeding pools (Ton), and distribution of houses from breeding pools and from each other (Xdist and Ydist, respectively). Based on the theoretical study, a malaria time scale, To, and a predictive theory of malaria transmission were introduced. The performance of the predictive theory was compared against the observational malaria transmission data in West Africa. Population density was used to estimate the scale that describes the spatial distribution of houses.ResultsThe predictive theory shows a universality in malaria endemic conditions when plotted using two newly-introduced dimension-less parameters. The projected malaria transmission potential compared well with the observation data, and the apparent differences were discussed. The results illustrate the importance of spatial aspects in malaria transmission.ConclusionsThe predictive theory is useful in measuring malaria transmission potential, and it can also provide guidelines on how to plan the layout of human habitats in order to prevent endemic malaria. Malaria-resistant villages can be designed by locating houses further than critical distances away from breeding pools or by removing pools within a critical distance from houses; the critical distance is desc

  Parasitologie et mycologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid

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  Epaisseur de l'intima-média carotidienne et facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaires

  Nicolas Fanantenana Herinirina, Lova Hasina Ny Ony Narindra Rajaonarison, Andry Roussel Herijoelison, Ahmad Ahmad

  IntroductionL’épaisseur intima-média de la carotide commune mesurée à l’échographie est un marqueur de risque cardio-vasculaire. L'objectif de ce travail est d’établir la corrélation entre l’épaisseur de l'intima-média carotidienne commune et les facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire chez des sujets asymptomatiques.MéthodesEtude transversale descriptive et analytique portant sur 77 sujets de 40 ans et plus chez qui nous avons évalué les facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire et analysé leur association avec l’épaisseur intima-média carotidienne commune.RésultatsL’épaisseur intima-média augmentait avec l’âge. Les hommes avaient une épaisseur intima-média plus marquée que les femmes. L'hypertension artérielle, le diabète et la dyslipidémie sont corrélés à l’épaisseur de l'intima-média contrairement au tabagisme.ConclusionL’âge élevé et le sexe masculin sont les facteurs déterminants de la majoration de l’épaisseur intima-média carotidienne commune surtout si s'ajoutent l'hypertension artérielle, le diabète ou la dyslipidémie.

  Médecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epanchement pleuro-péricardique liquidien révélant un lymphome lymphoblastique

  Yves N'da Kouakou N'goran, Kossa Esaïe Soya, Sylvanus Koui Beossin, Ines Angoran, Fatou Traore, Micesse Tano, Yaovi Afassinou, Arnaud Ekou, Florent Koffi, Hermann Yao, Euloge Kouadio Kramoh, Maurice Guikahue Kakou

  L'atteinte cardiaque au cours des lymphomes lymphoblastiques est rare. Il s'agissait d'un patient de 17 ans de race noire qui a été admis pour une douleur médiothoracique. Le patient avait des signes d'insuffisance cardiaque droite; un syndrome d’épanchement pleural liquidien gauche; des adénopathies superficielles et une splénomégalie de type IV de Hackett. La biopsie ganglionnaire a été réalisée pour la confirmation du diagnostic par analyse histologique et immuno-histochimique. Des ponctions pleurale et péricardique ont été effectuées. Le patient a été confié au service d'oncologie pédiatrique pour la chimiothérapie. L’évolution a été marquée par le décès du patient 18 jours après. La manifestation cardiaque est une entité rare et très souvent méconnue.la confirmation histologique est parfois difficile à obtenir du vivant de la plupart des patients. Le pronostic est souvent réservé à court terme.

  ImmunologiePédiatrieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epi Info

  CDC

  Logiciel gratuit des CDC pour créer des questionnaires, saisir les données et faire des analyses épidémiologiques.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMéthodologie de la recherche et thèseLicence : domaine-public (logiciel gratuit)

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  Epidemic forecast and preparedness for explosive-cerebrospinal meningitis outbreak in Nigeria using the preventive vaccination strategy

  Iseimokumo C. Peletiri, Rosemary C. Nwachukwu, Diweni C. Peletiri, Esther Q. Onoja, Charity T. Tulagha, Ikaprite I. Igbalibo, Grace M. Ayanbimpe, Eugene I. Ikeh

  BackgroundWithin the African meningitis belt, yearly outbreaks of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM), with incidence rates of 10–100 cases per 100 000 population, are typically punctuated by explosive epidemics occurring every 8–12 years, with incidence rates that can exceed 1000 cases per 100 000 population. From 1928 to 2018, Nigeria recorded the highest number (21%) of cases in the region. The reactive vaccination strategy, a protocol with major drawbacks, has been the vaccination method utilised in Nigeria.AimThis review highlights the need for governments within the African meningitis belt to start preparations against the next explosive CSM epidemic expected to occur between 2024 and 2028 using the preventive vaccination strategy.MethodsWe performed a literature search on the Google Scholar search engine using relevant search strings and included studies and reports between 1905 and 2022 that met set criteria.ResultsNeisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, W135, X, and Y; Haemophilus influenzae serotypes a, b, c, e, and f; and Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 19, 19F, and 20 were implicated as aetiologies. However, the reactive vaccination strategy was only used against N. meningitidis A or C, H. influenzae b, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Between 2011 and 2017, a polysaccharide vaccine (ACW or ACYW) active against serogroups A, C, W and Y was used within the African meningitis belt for the first time. Varying genotypes of N. meningitidis, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were identified.ConclusionOur results revealed a very high success rate for the preventive vaccination strategy.What this study addsIn order to ensure reductions in the morbidity and mortality associated with invasive CSM, the Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria, should leverage existing knowledge of the circulating serogroups, serotypes, and genotypes of the primary bacterial aetiologies and commence the implementation of the preventive vaccination strategy.

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)ImmunologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

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  Epidémie de choléra au Burkina Faso en 2005: aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques

  Carole Gilberte Kyelem, Alain Bougouma, Rigobert Sankardia Thiombiano, Ida Adeline Salou-Kagoné, Lassané Sangaré, Ramata Ouédraogo

  IntroductionL’objectif de cette étude était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques de l’épidémie de choléra au Burkina Faso en 2005.MéthodesEtude rétrospective, d’août à octobre 2005. Elle a concerné dix districts sanitaires du Burkina Faso. A été inclus dans l’étude, tout patient présentant un syndrome cholériforme, admis dans les différentes formations sanitaires dont la coproculture s’est révélée positive à Vibrio cholerae.RésultatsAu cours cette épidémie, 1050 cas de diarrhées cholériformes ont été notifiés par l’ensemble des structures sanitaires du pays. Vibrio cholerae a été identifié à l’examen bactériologique des selles de 121 patients (17,2%), constituant notre population d’étude. Les hommes étaient majoritaires (57%). La moyenne d’âge était de 30 ans. Les femmes au foyer (24%) et les sujets non scolarisés (62,8%) représentaient les couches sociales les plus touchées. Les forages ont été la source de boisson de 39,7% des patients 72 heures avant le début de la maladie. Tous les patients ont présenté une diarrhée aqueuse. Vibrio cholerae, sérotype Ogawa, responsable de cette épidémie, était résistant au chloramphénicol et au cotrimoxazole dans respectivement 71,7% et 38,3% des cas. Ni le cas index, ni la source initiale de contamination n’ont pu être identifiés. La létalité de notre échantillon était de 3,5%.ConclusionCette épidémie a relancé la question de l’hygiène et mis à nu le problème de ces villes où la croissance démographique galopante est en inadéquation avec le degré d’urbanisation.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with meta-analysis

  Serge Ouoba, Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo, Moussa Lingani, Bunthen E, Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain, Ko Ko, Shintaro Nagashima, Aya Sugiyama, Tomoyuki Akita, Halidou Tinto, Junko Tanaka

  BackgroundDetailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020. Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes.MethodsA systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist.ResultsLow-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20–4.28) and 4.75% (95% CI: 1.79–8.94) in high-risk groups. A non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759 individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive. The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of 1.65% (95% CI: 0.74–2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174 people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1 were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively.ConclusionsHCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso and indicates the need to implement effective control strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and for rural and high-risk populations. General population screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special attention to rural and high-risk populations.Supplementary InformationTh

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as

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  Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in Burkina Faso, West Africa

  Adama Zida, Janika Briegel, Ibrahim Kabré, Marcel P. Sawadogo, Ibrahim Sangaré, Sanata Bamba, Abdourahamane Yacouba, Amado Ouédraogo, Dieudonné Yonli, François Drabo, Lady Kady Traoré, Ramata Ouédraogo-Traoré, Robert Tinga Guiguemdé, Jürgen Wacker

  BackgroundBecause infections with Schistosoma Haematobium usually peak in childhood, the majority of studies on schistosomiasis have focused on school-aged children. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women in Burkina Faso, West Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a mesoendemic region (Kombissiri) and a hyperendemic region (Dori) for schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso. A total of 287 females aged 5 to 50 years were included in the study. S. haematobium infection was assessed using the urine filtration method and dipsticks were used for the detection of hematuria. Interviews were conducted to identify clinical aspects and risk factors related to urogenital schistosomiasis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection in Dori was 21.3 %, where as Kombissiri was less affected with a prevalence of 4.6 %. The most affected age group was the 10- to 14-year-olds (41.2 %), followed by the 15- to 19-year-olds (26.3 %). Risk factors significantly associated with schistosomiasis (P <0.05) were place of residence, age, contact with open water in the past year, and distance of home to open water. The percentage of participants who had contact with open water was significantly higher among the women living in Dori compared to Kombissiri. Females over 15 years of age showed a significant higher rate of water contact compared to the 5- to 15-year-olds. A significant correlation between schistosomiasis and hematuria was established. Microhematuria showed a sensitivity of 80.6 %, a specificity of 92.7 %, and a positive predictive value of 61.7 %, whereas macrohematuria had a sensitivity of 47.2 %, a specificity of 99.2 %, and a positive predictive value of 89.5 %. The mass distribution of praziquantel in Burkina Faso is well established. However, over half of the participants with schistosomiasis in this study said they took praziquantel in the past 6 months, which indicates a high reinfecti

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieParasitologie et mycologiePédiatrieLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid

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  Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported malaria patients admitted to a specialized hospital: a retrospective study (2021– June 2026)

  Kun Peng, Wenjing Gong, Xuan Dong, Yunjing Zhao, Li Zhang, Chuanbing Zhu, Nuo Xu, Xiang Li, Yihan Guo, Yanmei Shen, Hongli Zhao

  BackgroundChina was certified malaria-free by the World Health Organization in 2021; however, imported malaria remains a significant challenge to maintaining malaria elimination due to increasing international travel and overseas population mobility. Imported malaria cases have been continuously reported in Shandong Province, but detailed clinical characteristics, parasite species distribution, travel history, and treatment patterns among hospitalised malaria patients following elimination remain insufficiently characterised.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective hospital-based observational study of malaria patients admitted to our hospital in Shandong Province, China, from January 2021 to June 2026. Demographic information, travel history, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, Plasmodium species identification, and antimalarial treatments were analysed. The associations between travel regions and Plasmodium species distribution were evaluated using chi-square tests.ResultsA total of 120 hospitalised malaria patients were included in the analysis. The number of malaria admissions increased from two cases in 2021 to 45 cases in 2025, with seasonal clustering during the second and third quarters of the year. All patients were male, and 98.3% were aged 30–59 years. Most patients had a travel history to Africa (95.8%), particularly West Africa (54.2%) and Central Africa (28.3%). Among the 120 patients with confirmed parasite identification, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) was the predominant species (67.5%), followed by Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) (20.0%), Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) (7.5%), and Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae) (5.0%). Fever was observed in all patients. The distribution of Plasmodium species differed significantly according to travel regions (Monte Carlo simulated P < 0.001). Further analysis within Africa revealed a significant difference among West, Central, and East Africa (Monte Carlo simulated P = 0.016). All patients received antimal

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieParasitologie et mycologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journa

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  Epidemiological assessment of cassava mosaic disease in Burkina Faso

  Monique Soro, Fidèle Tiendrébéogo, Justin S. Pita, Edwig T. Traoré, Koussao Somé, Ezechiel B. Tibiri, James B. Néya, J. Musembi Mutuku, Jacques Simporé, Daouda Koné

  AbstractSurveys were conducted in 2016 and 2017 across the main cassava‐growing regions of Burkina Faso to assess the status of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and to determine the virus strains causing the disease, using field observation and phylogenetic analysis. CMD incidence varied between regions and across years but was lowest in Hauts‐Bassins (6.0%, 2016 and 5.4%, 2017) and highest in Centre‐Sud (18.5%, 2016) and in Boucle du Mouhoun (51.7%, 2017). The lowest CMD severity was found in Est region (2.0) for both years and the highest in Sud‐Ouest region (3.3, 2016) and Centre‐Sud region (2.8, 2017). The CMD infection was primarily associated with contaminated cuttings in all regions except in Hauts‐Bassins, where whitefly‐borne infection was higher than cuttings‐borne infection in 2016. PCR screening of 687 samples coupled with sequence analysis revealed the presence of African cassava mosaic‐like (ACMV‐like) viruses and East African cassava mosaic‐like (EACMV‐like) viruses as single infections at 79.5% and 1.1%, respectively. Co‐infections of ACMV‐like and EACMV‐like viruses were detected in 19.4% of the tested samples. In addition, 86.7% of the samples positive for EACMV‐like virus were found to be positive for East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) from Burkina Faso into three clades specific to ACMV, African cassava mosaic Burkina Faso virus (ACMBFV), and EACMCMV, confirming the presence of these viruses. The results of this study show that EACMCMV occurrence may be more prevalent in Burkina Faso than previously thought. Cassava mosaic disease is widespread in Africa. In Burkina Faso, we assessed the main epidemiological parameters and characterized the major viruses associated with the disease.

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of theLicense, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epidemiological changes in meningococcal meningitis in Niger from 2008 to 2011 and the impact of vaccination

  Jean-Marc Collard, Bassira Issaka, Maman Zaneidou, Stéphane Hugonnet, Pierre Nicolas, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Brian Greenwood, Jean-François Jusot

  BackgroundThe epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the African ‘meningitis belt’ changes periodically. In order to design an effective vaccination strategy, we have examined the epidemiological and microbiological patterns of bacterial meningitis, and especially that of meningococcal meningitis, in Niger during the period 2008–2011. During this period a mass vaccination campaign with the newly developed meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (MenAfriVac®) was undertaken.MethodCerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from health facilities throughout Niger and analysed by culture, seroagglutination and/or speciation polymerase chain reaction, followed by genogrouping PCR for Neisseria meningitidis infections. A sample of strains were analysed by multi-locus sequence typing.ResultsN. meningitidis serogroup A cases were prevalent in 2008 and 2009 [98.6% and 97.5% of all N. meningitidis cases respectively]. The prevalence of serogroup A declined in 2010 [26.4%], with the emergence of serogroup W Sequence Type (ST) 11 [72.2% of cases], and the serogroup A meningococcus finally disappeared in 2011. The geographical distribution of cases N. meningitidis serogroups A and W within Niger is described.ConclusionThe substantial decline of serogroup A cases that has been observed from 2010 onwards in Niger seems to be due to several factors including a major polysaccharide A/C vaccination campaign in 2009, the introduction of MenAfriVac® in 10 districts at risk in December 2010, the natural dynamics of meningococcal infection and the persistence of serogroup A sequence-type 7 for about 10 years. The emergence of serogroup W strains suggests that there may be a need for serogroup W containing vaccines in Niger in the coming years.

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epidemiological patterns of influenza viruses among severe acute respiratory infection patients in Burkina Faso, 2016-2019: a surveillance study

  Moussa Lingani, Assana Cissé, Abdoul Kader Ilboudo, Brice Bicaba, Issaka Yaméogo, Zékiba Tarnagada

  Introductioninfluenza viruses cause acute respiratory infections; however, their importance among severe cases remains poorly documented in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to describe the burden of influenza among inpatients admitted for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Burkina Faso.Methodsa surveillance study was conducted between 2016 and 2019 by the National Influenza Reference Laboratory (NIRL). Inpatients admitted for SARI from four sentinel surveillance sites were included and tested for influenza using a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) with the Fast Track Diagnostics (FTD-33) Kits. Positive samples to influenza virus type A or B were further subtyped using the CDC Primers, probes, and protocols. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the prevalence of influenza according to participants' medical and sociodemographic characteristics using the R statistical package. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Resultsoverall, the prevalence of influenza was 20.1% (310/1541). Influenza virus type-specific prevalence was 13.0% (200/1,541), 6.1% (94/1,541), and 1.0% (16/1,541) for type A, B, and C viruses, respectively. Among the cases, type A virus was predominant with 64.4% (52.4% for A(H1N1)pmd09 and 12.0% for A(H3N2)) and type B virus with 30.4% (21.7% for B/Victoria and 8.1% for B/Yamagata). Three waves of increased transmission were observed during the study period, and each was dominated by a specific virus subtype. The distribution of cases according to sociodemographic characteristics showed that children aged 1-4 years were mostly affected (60%), mainly with type A virus (36.9%), followed by infants below 1 year of age (21%), also with type A virus (15.2%). Virus circulation occurred year-round, and transmission peaks occurred during the cold and dry seasons.Conclusiontype A influenza virus was predominant, especially among children under five years old. Prioritizing vaccination

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Pan African Medical Journal (ISSN: 1937-8688). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, p

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  Epidemiological profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Retrospective analysis of 7444 cases reported from 1999 to 2005 at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  Sanata Bamba, Alphonse Gouba, Maxime Koiné Drabo, Désiré Nezien, Mamadou Bougoum, Tinga Robert Guiguemdé

  This retrospective study was aimed to describe the trend of the cases and to determine the annual incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis from 1999 to 2005 in the city of Ouagadougou. To achieve these objectives, a retrospective study was conducted. Data collection was conducted from January 1999 to December 2005. In total, 7444 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded with an annual average of 1063.30 ± 270. 8 cases. The sex ratio M/F was 0.9. The average age was 22.8 ± 13.5 years. Patients more than 15 year-old accounted for 72.5%. A decrease in the cases of the disease was noted during the months of March, April, May, June, and December. The peak was recorded during the months of September and October. Over 7 years, the average incidence rate was 0.1% ± 0.04 but does not reflect the importance of this pathology. Thus, a prospective study was recommended.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis in 16 districts of Burkina Faso after two decades of mass treatment

  BackgroundAfter two decades of mass drug administration (MDA) for schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso, an impact assessment was conducted in 16 health districts (HDs) between February 2023 to March 2024 to determine the epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis in school-aged children and facilitate the decision for sub-district level treatment decision.Methodology/Principal findingsA cross-sectional cluster survey was conducted with randomly selected children aged 5–14 years. Haemastix reagent strips were used to detect microhaematuria in urine, and urine filtration was used to detect and quantify Schistosoma haematobium eggs in children with microhaematuria. The Kato-Katz was used to detect and quantify S. mansoni eggs in fecal samples. The prevalence of infection and the prevalence of heavy-intensity (HI) infections were calculated. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 2.4% (range: 0–11.1%) in 16 HDs, with the overall prevalence of HI infection of 0.9% (range: 0–4.2%). Four HDs (Tenkodogo, Batié, Sig-Nonghin, and Karangasso-Vigué) had a prevalence of HI infection from 1.3% to 4.2%. Forty-seven health areas still had an overall prevalence of 1.4–62.5%, with seven health areas in five HDs >10%, and 29 health areas had a prevalence of HI infection from 1.4% to 22.9%. Boys had a higher prevalence of HI infections than girls. The prevalence of microhaematuria at 5.8% was significantly higher than that of S. haematobium infection by urine filtration at 2.3%, and Haemastix results were significantly associated with the intensity of infection.Conclusions/SignificanceThe results showed that progress has been made in eliminating schistosomiasis as a public health problem in the 16 HDs in Burkina Faso after two decades of mass treatment. However, hotspots of infections remain, with 29 health areas having a prevalence of HI infection above the 1% threshold. The results provide evidence for planning targeted sub-district-level treatment. Author summaryBurkina Faso is

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieParasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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  Epidémiologie de l’association fibrillation atriale et insuffisance cardiaque

  Yassine Ragbaoui, Chafia Chehbouni, Ayoub El Hammiri, Rachida Habbal

  La fibrillation atriale et l’insuffisance cardiaque sont des maladies cardiovasculaires souvent associées, leur coexistence aggrave le pronostic et constitue un problème de santé public majeur. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la prévalence de la fibrillation atriale chez les patients en insuffisance cardiaque chronique et déterminer le profil clinique de ce groupe de patients. Nous avons conduit une étude rétrospective descriptive basée sur le registre d'insuffisance cardiaque du département de cardiologie du centre hospitalier universitaire de juin 2006 à Mars 2015.Nous avons inclus les patients âgés de plus de 18 ans ayant une insuffisance cardiaque chronique avec une fibrillation atriale. Durant cette période 3048 patients ayant une insuffisance cardiaque chronique avec fibrillation atriale(FA) ont été inclus. La prévalence de la fibrillation atriale était de 10,6%. La fréquence des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires associée à (FA) était de: (54%) pour l'hypertension artérielle, (39%) pour le diabète, (8%) pour la dyslipidémie, (26%) pour le tabac, (30%) pour la sédentarité et (17%) pour la ménopause. La (FA) était présente chez (67,4%) des hommes versus (32,6%) des femmes. Les étiologies de l'insuffisance cardiaque chronique associées à la fibrillation atriale étaient: les valvulopathies (44,1%); les coronaropathies (32%); Hypertensives (11%), primitive (10%), toxiques (2%) et alcoolisme chronique (1%). La fibrillation atriale reste fréquente dans la population des patients insuffisants cardiaques au Maroc et la moyenne d’âge est inférieure à celle retrouvée dans la littérature.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Santé publiqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epidémiologie de l'infection à Helicobacter Pylori à Yaoundé: de la particularité à l’énigme Africaine

  Firmin Ankouane Andoulo, Dominique Noah Noah, Michèle Tagni-Sartre, Elie Claude Ndjitoyap Ndam, Katleen Ngu Blackett

  IntroductionL'infection à Hélicobacter pylori concerne la moitié de la population mondiale, principalement dans les pays en voie de développement où l'infection atteint 80% de la population. Le but de notre étude était de déterminer la prévalence de l'infection à Hélicobacter pylori et de mettre en évidence les déterminants de l'infection ainsi que les maladies associées au Cameroun.MéthodesL’étude concernait 171 sujets symptomatiques référés pour une fibroscopie œsogastroduodénale au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé et au Centre Médical la Cathédrale. L'infection à H.pylori était objectivée par un test rapide à l'uréase kit commercial Pronto Dry® (Medical Instruments Corporation, Solothurn, Switzerland).RésultatsLa prévalence globale de l'infection à Hélicobacter pylori était de 72,5% (124/171) (Intervalle de Confiance (IC) à 95% 65,2-79,1%) et dans chaque groupe d’âge (moins de 40ans, 40-50ans, plus de 50ans) de 83,1%(64/77), 67,4%(29/43) et 60,8%(31/51) respectivement. En analyse univariée, le risque de l'infection était significativement élevé dans le groupe de moins de 40ans comparé au groupe de 40-50ans (Risque Relatif (RR) 0,42 IC 95% 0,16-1,1, p = 0,04 pour le groupe 40-50ans) et comparé au groupe de plus de 50ans (RR 0,73; 0,57-0,93, p = 0,004 pour le groupe de plus de 50ans). La prévalence de l'infection à H.pylori était de 63,0% (17/27) pour l'ulcère duodénal, 50%(4/8) pour l'ulcère gastrique et 100%(2/2) pour le cancer gastrique.ConclusionA prévalence de l'infection à H.pylori au Cameroun est très élevée et significativement liée à l’âge de moins de 40 ans.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epidémiologie de la lèpre au Tchad de 2015 à 2019

  Abakar Kirga Kabo, Kaiwa Kaman, Djamalladine Mahamat Doungous, Lamine Ouedraogo, Mahamat Abakar, Sylvain Godreuil, Véronique Penlap Beng

  Introductionla lèpre est une maladie présente au Tchad, inégalement répartie. Depuis 1997, la prévalence annuelle nationale est inférieure à 110000 habitants, seuil d´élimination fixé par l´Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). Le but de cette étude est de décrire les tendances épidémiologiques de la lèpre au Tchad entre 2015 et 2019, afin de fournir les données nécessaires pour l´élaboration de stratégies de lutte plus efficace contre la lèpre.Méthodesil s´agissait d´une étude rétrospective descriptive sur les cas de lèpre survenus entre 2015 et 2019 à l´échelle nationale à partir de la base de données du Programme National de Lutte contre la Lèpre au Tchad (PNLLT).Résultatsau total, 1896 nouveaux cas de lèpre ont été détectés au Tchad entre 2015 et 2019, la proportion des patients âgés de 1 > 5 à 70 ans et celle des enfants de moins de 15 ans étaient de 92.08% et 7.92%. Le sexe ratio (H/F) était de 1.68. Le taux de détection moyenne annuelle est de 2,6/100 000, un taux moyen de 83.10% de cas de lèpre multibacillaire, et 20.38% d´incapacité de degré 2 (ID2) parmi lequel 0.92% ID2 chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans en moyenne. Cependant, notre étude a relevé cinq districts surendémiques (Adré, Abéché, Aboudeia, Koukou, et Bebedjia) en 2019 où le taux de prévalence est supérieur à 1/10000 habitants.Conclusionles tendances épidémiologiques sont en faveur de la persistance de la maladie et un retard de diagnostic dans la prise en charge des cas de lèpre.English abstract

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Pan African Medical Journal (ISSN: 1937-8688). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, p

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