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  Épidémiologie infectieuse et impact de l'antibiothérapie initiale dans l'ischémie digestive non occlusive en réanimation : étude rétrospective monocentrique

  Mohammed Idris Brahim

  Introduction : l'ischémie digestive non occlusive (IDNO) en réanimation est une pathologie rare mais à la mortalité extrêmement élevée. Les données sur l'épidémiologie microbiologique et l'impact de l'antibiothérapie initiale restent limités. Objectif : décrire l'écologie microbienne associée à l'IDNO et évaluer l'impact de l'antibiothérapie précoce sur la survie. Méthodes : étude observationnelle rétrospective monocentrique incluant tous les patients diagnostiqués pour IDNO entre 2016 et 2023. Les caractéristiques cliniques, microbiologiques et le traitement initial ont été collectés. Le critère de jugement principal était la survie à 90 jours. Résultats : parmi 298 patients inclus, la mortalité à 90 jours était de 97 %. Une bactériémie était documentée dans 21% des cas, dominée par Escherichia coli et Enterococcus faecium. Une péritonite était retrouvée dans 35 % des cas, avec une forte incidence d'isolement de Candida spp (28 %). La Pipéracilline-Tazobactam était l'antibiotique initial le plus utilisé (42 %). L'antibiothérapie initiale était associée à une amélioration de la survie à 5 jours, effet qui s'atténuait à 90 jours. Conclusion : l'IDNO est associée à une mortalité dramatique et à une forte prévalence d'infections bactériennes et fongiques. Une antibiothérapie empirique adaptée et son introduction précoce pourraient contribuer à améliorer la survie initiale.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)PharmacologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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  Epidemiology and long-term prognosis of atrial fibrillation in rural African patients

  Dakaboué Germain Mandi, Joel Bamouni, Dangwé Temoua Naïbé, Rélwendé Aristide Yaméogo, Elisé Kaboré, Yibar Kambiré, Koudougou Jonas Kologo, Georges Rosario Christian Millogo, Nobila Valentin Yaméogo, Anna Thiam Tall, Patrice Zabsonré

  BackgroundFew studies have addressed the pattern of atrial fibrillation (AF) in rural Africa. The purpose of the study was to assess the epidemiology and long-term prognosis of AF in rural African patients in the Regional Hospital Center (RHC) of Tenkodogo, Burkina Faso.ResultsOverall, 107 of 1805 cardiac cases presented with AF (prevalence of 5.9%). Six patients were excluded. Mean age was 66.56 ± 14.92 years, and 53.47% were female. Hypertension was the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor (59.41%). Congestive heart failure (HF) was reported in 85.15% of the study patients at presentation. Most of the study population presented with severe underlying heart disease (93.1%), and hypertensive heart disease was the most prevalent with 45.54% of the cases. The mean CHA2DS2VASc score in patients with non-valvular heart disease (n = 91) was 3.33 ± 1.25 (extremes 1–6) while the risk of bleeding was low (HAS-BLED score ≤ 1) in 82 patients (81.2%). Oral anticoagulation was prescribed in few cases (5.26%). During a follow-up period of 74.43 ± 23.94 weeks, acute HF and stroke occurred in respectively 43 and 6 patients. Forty-one patients (40.59%) died. The overall survival rate was 69% at 6-month and 59.4% at 1-year follow-up. Patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy were at higher risk of death than other patients (log-rank test = 11.88, p < 0.001) over time.ConclusionAF is not rare in rural African patients and is associated with an increased long-term risk of HF, stroke, and mortality.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Santé publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original aut

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  Epidemiology and microscopic diagnosis of tuberculosis in pigs and small ruminants slaughtered at Bobo-Dioulasso abattoir, Burkina Faso

  Adama Sanou, Amadou Dicko, Kadiatou R. Sow, Arthur Djibougou, Antoinette Kabore, Bassirou Diarra, Arsène K. Ouedraogo, Dezemon Zingue, Moumini Nouctara, Zekiba Tarnagda

  Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic, infectious, chronic and contagious disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis that mainly affects cattle. This pathology has a negative impact on animals and animal products trade. Unfortunately, in Burkina Faso where agriculture and livestock sectors represent around 80% of the socio-economic activities, the real situation of the disease is not well known especially in small ruminants and swine. Thus, our study focused on both the epidemiology and the microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in small ruminants and pigs slaughtered at Bobo-Dioulasso abattoir. A prospective study was conducted between August 2017 and December 2017. Epidemiological data collection was performed during routine meat inspection; moreover, samples were taken and transported to the Bacteriology laboratory of Centre Muraz for microbiological analyses. This diagnosis consisted in search of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) using the hot Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Out of a total of 14 648 small ruminants and 2430 pigs slaughtered during the study period, 156 and 17 had lesions suggestive of bTB with prevalence of 1.07% and 0.7%, respectively. Females and those between 2 and 4 years old were mainly infected. The most affected organs were: lungs, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Finally, microscopy revealed 43.35% (75/173) of positive cases for AFB. These results confirm the presence of bTB in small ruminants and pigs in Burkina Faso. Efforts must still be made in the fight against this zoonosis in order to limit its economic and public health impacts.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Maladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

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  Epidemiology and molecular characterization of influenza viruses in Burkina Faso, sub‐Saharan Africa

  Armel M. Sanou, Sampoko Carine M. Wandaogo, Armel Poda, Laure Tamini, Anselme E. Kyere, Tani Sagna, Macaire S. Ouedraogo, Maude Pauly, Judith M. Hübschen, Claude P. Muller, Zekiba Tarnagda, Chantal J. Snoeck

  BackgroundThe importance of influenza viruses in respiratory infections in sub‐Saharan Africa has been historically overlooked, including in Burkina Faso.ObjectivesThis study therefore aimed at evaluating the prevalence and seasonal occurrence of influenza viruses in children under 5 years old, at risk of influenza‐related complications, presenting with influenza‐like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). The study also aimed at identifying the periods with increased influenza transmission for vaccination recommendations in Burkina Faso.MethodsFrom January 2014 to December 2015, ILI and SARI (2015 only) patients were recruited in six healthcare centers in Burkina Faso. Influenza A and B molecular detection and subtyping were performed. Clade clustering of a subset of A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) strains was deduced by performing phylogenetic analyses on hemagglutinin gene sequences. Weekly surveillance data from FluNet (2011‐2013; 2016) and this study (2014‐2015) were used to identify periods of increased influenza activity.ResultsInfluenza A and B viruses were detected in 15.1% (112 of 743) of ILI and 6.6% (12 of 181) of SARI patients. Overall, influenza A viruses were largely predominant (81 of 124, 65.3%), with 69.1% of A(H3N2) and 30.9% of A(H1N1)pdm09 strains. Four waves of increased transmission were identified in 2014‐2015, each dominated by different influenza subtypes and clades. Between 2011 and 2016, periods of increased influenza activity varied in their frequency, duration, and timing.ConclusionInfluenza A and B viruses were detected in a substantial number of ILI and SARI cases in Burkina Faso. Vaccination in September‐October would likely protect the highest number of patients.

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of theLicense, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epidemiology and public health response to a meningitis outbreak in Ghana's Upper West Region, 2025: a descriptive cross-sectional study

  Simon Aabalekuu, Ibrahim Mumuni, Justine Bangniyel, Collins Boateng Danquah, Linus Baatiema, Ishmael Kunateh Alhassan, Mark Asare Owusu, Stephen Nimirkpen, Barnabas Bessing

  Bacterial meningitis remains a recurrent public health threat in the African meningitis belt despite vaccination efforts. Following the introduction of the Meningococcal Africa vaccine, shifts in causative pathogens have been observed. In early 2025, a meningitis outbreak occurred in Ghana´s Upper West Region, necessitating a detailed epidemiological and response assessment. We conducted a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional analysis of surveillance data from all 11 districts of the Upper West Region, Ghana. Records of suspected meningitis cases reported between epidemiological weeks 1 and 15 of 2025 were reviewed. Data were obtained from regional line lists, case-based investigation forms, laboratory reports, and weekly situational updates. Variables analysed included age, sex, district, laboratory confirmation, bacterial aetiology, case fatality rate, and outbreak response activities. A total of 228 suspected meningitis cases and 17 deaths were reported, yielding an overall case fatality rate of 7.7%. Thirty-six cases (15.8%) were laboratory-confirmed, with Streptococcus pneumoniae accounting for 86.1% of confirmed infections, followed by Neisseria meningitidis (5.6%) and Haemophilus influenzae (5.6%). Adolescents and young adults aged 10-29 years were most affected, with a slight male predominance. The outbreak peaked during epidemiological weeks 7-8, with spatial clustering in the Wa Municipal, Nadowli-Kaleo, and Nandom districts. Public health response measures included activating rapid response teams, intensifying surveillance through the surveillance outbreak response management and analysis system and retraining over 250 health workers. Key challenges identified were limited laboratory capacity, inadequate diagnostic tools, and insufficient sustainable funding. The 2025 meningitis outbreak in Ghana´s Upper West Region demonstrates a clear shift towards pneumococcal predominance within the meningitis belt. While coordinated multisectoral response effort

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)ImmunologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Pan African Medical Journal (ISSN: 1937-8688). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, p

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  Epidemiology of Brucellosis and Q Fever in Linked Human and Animal Populations in Northern Togo

  BackgroundAlthough brucellosis (Brucella spp.) and Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii) are zoonoses of global importance, very little high quality data are available from West Africa.Methods/Principal FindingsA serosurvey was conducted in Togo’s main livestock-raising zone in 2011 in 25 randomly selected villages, including 683 people, 596 cattle, 465 sheep and 221 goats. Additionally, 464 transhumant cattle from Burkina Faso were sampled in 2012. The serological analyses performed were the Rose Bengal Test and ELISA for brucellosis and ELISA and the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for Q Fever Brucellosis did not appear to pose a major human health problem in the study zone, with only 7 seropositive participants. B. abortus was isolated from 3 bovine hygroma samples, and is likely to be the predominant circulating strain. This may explain the observed seropositivity amongst village cattle (9.2%, 95%CI:4.3–18.6%) and transhumant cattle (7.3%, 95%CI:3.5–14.7%), with an absence of seropositive small ruminants. Exposure of livestock and people to C. burnetii was common, potentially influenced by cultural factors. People of Fulani ethnicity had greater livestock contact and a significantly higher seroprevalence than other ethnic groups (Fulani: 45.5%, 95%CI:37.7–53.6%; non-Fulani: 27.1%, 95%CI:20.6–34.7%). Appropriate diagnostic test cut-off values in endemic settings requires further investigation. Both brucellosis and Q Fever appeared to impact on livestock production. Seropositive cows were more likely to have aborted a foetus during the previous year than seronegative cows, when adjusted for age. This odds was 3.8 times higher (95%CI: 1.2–12.1) for brucellosis and 6.7 times higher (95%CI: 1.3–34.8) for Q Fever.ConclusionsThis is the first epidemiological study of zoonoses in Togo in linked human and animal populations, providing much needed data for West Africa. Exposure to Brucella and C. burnetii is common but further research is needed into the clinical and economic impact

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieImmunologieSanté publiqueLicence : This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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  Epidemiology of Human Parvovirus 4 Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa

  Colin P. Sharp, Marion Vermeulen, Yacouba Nébié, Cyrille F. Djoko, Matthew LeBreton, Ubald Tamoufe, Anne W. Rimoin, Patrick K. Kayembe, Jean K. Carr, Annabelle Servant-Delmas, Syria Laperche, G.L. Abby Harrison, Oliver G. Pybus, Eric Delwart, Nathan D. Wolfe, Andrew Saville, Jean-Jacques Lefrère, Peter Simmonds

  Human parvovirus 4 infections are primarily associated with parenteral exposure in western countries. By ELISA, we demonstrate frequent seropositivity for antibody to parvovirus 4 viral protein 2 among adult populations throughout sub-Saharan Africa (Burkina Faso, 37%; Cameroon, 25%; Democratic Republic of the Congo, 35%; South Africa, 20%), which implies existence of alternative transmission routes.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieImmunologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : This is a publication of the U.S. Government. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited.

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  Epidemiology of influenza in West Africa after the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, 2010–2012

  Ndahwouh Talla Nzussouo, Jazmin Duque, Adebayo Abel Adedeji, Daouda Coulibaly, Samba Sow, Zekiba Tarnagda, Issaka Maman, Adamou Lagare, Sonia Makaya, Mohamed Brahim Elkory, Herve Kadjo Adje, Paul Alhassan Shilo, Boubou Tamboura, Assana Cisse, Kossi Badziklou, Halima Boubacar Maïnassara, Ahmed Ould Bara, Adama Mamby Keita, Thelma Williams, Ann Moen, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Meredith McMorrow

  BackgroundOver the last decade, capacity for influenza surveillance and research in West Africa has strengthened. Data from these surveillance systems showed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 circulated in West Africa later than in other regions of the continent.MethodsWe contacted 11 West African countries to collect information about their influenza surveillance systems (number of sites, type of surveillance, sampling strategy, populations sampled, case definitions used, number of specimens collected and number of specimens positive for influenza viruses) for the time period January 2010 through December 2012.ResultsOf the 11 countries contacted, 8 responded: Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Togo. Countries used standard World Health Organization (WHO) case definitions for influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) or slight variations thereof. There were 70 surveillance sites: 26 SARI and 44 ILI. Seven countries conducted SARI surveillance and collected 3114 specimens of which 209 (7%) were positive for influenza viruses. Among influenza-positive SARI patients, 132 (63%) were influenza A [68 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 64 influenza A(H3N2)] and 77 (37%) were influenza B. All eight countries conducted ILI surveillance and collected 20,375 specimens, of which 2278 (11%) were positive for influenza viruses. Among influenza-positive ILI patients, 1431 (63%) were influenza A [820 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 611 influenza A(H3N2)] and 847 (37%) were influenza B. A majority of SARI and ILI case-patients who tested positive for influenza (72% SARI and 59% ILI) were children aged 0–4 years, as were a majority of those enrolled in surveillance. The seasonality of influenza and the predominant influenza type or subtype varied by country and year.ConclusionsInfluenza A(H1N1)pdm09 continued to circulate in West Africa along with influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B during 2010–2012. Although ILI surveillance systems produ

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid

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  Epidemiology of rotavirus infection among young children with acute diarrhoea in Burkina Faso

  Isidore JO Bonkoungou, Idrissa Sanou, Fabienne Bon, Benoit Benon, Sheick O Coulibaly, Kaisa Haukka, Alfred S Traoré, Nicolas Barro

  BackgroundIn anticipation of vaccine introduction, we assessed epidemiology of rotavirus disease among children visiting medical centre due to acute diarrhoea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.MethodsBetween November 2008 and February 2010, stool specimens from 447 children less than 5 years of age suffering from diarrhoea were tested for the presence of rotavirus by antigen detection using an immunochromatographic test. Sociodemographic, environmental and clinical factors were assessed during the study.ResultsRotavirus antigen was detected in 151 (33.8%) of the patients. Most of the cases (94.2%) were in children < 24 months of age. Fever and vomiting were the symptoms most commonly reported in association with rotavirus diarrhoea and the patients were often hospitalized. Rotavirus-associated diarrhoea occurred mostly during the season from December to April (dry season). Rotavirus infection was significantly less frequent in breast-fed than among bottle-fed babies.ConclusionsThe results of this study underscore the need to control rotavirus infections among young children in Burkina Faso and may argue a decision on the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Burkina Faso.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieImmunologiePédiatrieLicence : This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<url>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</url>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epidemiology of Schistosoma haematobium infection and microhaematuria among schoolchildren in a setting of sustained mass drug administration in Banfora, Burkina Faso

  Mamoudou Cissé, Alamissa Soulama, Constant Sirima, Arthur D. Djibougou, Souleymane Gnissi, Seydou Nakanabo-Diallo, Muhammed Afolabi, Issaka Zongo

  BackgroundLimited evidence exists regarding the current epidemiology of Schistosoma (S.) haematobium infection following decades of mass drug administration implementation in many areas of Burkina Faso, including the Cascades region, which is predominantly a riverine community with a high risk of schistosomiasis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of S. haematobium infection and microhaematuria among schoolchildren in the municipality of Banfora, southwestern Burkina Faso.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2024 among schoolchildren aged 5–15 years in the Banfora municipality. Sociodemographic and water contact data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Each consenting child provided a freshly voided urine sample, which was examined for the presence of S. haematobium eggs and microhaematuria using the urine filtration technique and urine multistix reagent test strips, respectively. Correlates of S. haematobium infection and microhaematuria were determined using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age of the children was 8.79 ± 2.22 years. Of the 300 school children tested, 11 (3.67 %) were found to be infected with S. haematobium eggs. The geometric mean intensity of S. haematobium infection was 14.94 eggs/10 mL of urine (95 % CI: 4.96–44.98), and 27.27 % of the infected participants (3/11) had a heavy infection. The prevalence of microhaematuria was 13.33 % (40/300). Being a boy was the main risk factor for S. haematobium infection (adjusted OR: 11.0, 95 % CI: 2.5–48.2), while having a urinary tract infection was significantly associated with S. haematobium infection (adjusted OR: 59.6, 95 % CI: 6.9–515.7). Risk factors for microhaematuria included living in rural areas (adjusted OR: 8.3, 95 % CI: 2.4–28.6) and S. haematobium infection (adjusted OR: 31.3, 95 % CI: 5.9–165.8).ConclusionsOur findings show that S. haematobium infection is hypoendemic in the Banfora municipali

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieParasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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  Epidemiology of Syphilis in regional blood transfusion centres in Burkina Faso, West Africa

  Cyrille Bisseye, Mahamoudou Sanou, Bolni Marius Nagalo, Alice Kiba, Tegwindé Rebeca Compaoré, Issoufou Tao, Jacques Simpore

  IntroductionSyphilis remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, including Burkina Faso. However, few published data are available on the prevalence of syphilis in the general population. This study had two main objectives: to determine the seroprevalence of syphilis in a cohort of 37,210 first time blood donors and to study socio-demographic factors associated with the risk of infection by Treponema pallidum.MethodsAntibodies to Treponema pallidum were screened for, by using Reagin Rapid Test (RPR) and their presence was confirmed by treponema pallidum haemagglutination test (TPHA).ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of syphilis was 1.5% among first time blood donors and was significantly different between centers (p <0.001). The infection was significantly higher in men than women among blood donors in Ouagadougou and Fada N′gourma (P = 0.001 and P = 0.034). The overall seroprevalence of syphilis among blood donors was not associated with either age group or HIV status. In contrast, a significantly high seroprevalence of syphilis was observed in blood donors with HBsAg (P = 0.014) and anti-HCV (P = 0.007) positive.ConclusionOur report shows a low seroprevalence of syphilis in the representative sample of the population of Burkina Faso. The seroprevalence of syphilis remains unequally distributed between urban and rural areas and was not associated with HIV infection.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieImmunologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in West and Central Africa

  Emilie Hendrickx, Lian F. Thomas, Pierre Dorny, Branko Bobić, Uffe Christian Braae, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Ramon M. Eichenberger, Sarah Gabriël, Anastasios Saratsis, Paul R. Torgerson, Lucy J. Robertson, Veronique Dermauw

  BackgroundThe zoonotic tapeworm Taenia saginata, although causing only minor discomfort in humans, is responsible for considerable economic losses in the livestock sector due to condemnation or downgrading of infected beef carcasses. An overview of current knowledge on the distribution and prevalence of this parasite in West and Central Africa is lacking.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review, collecting information on published and grey literature about T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis from 27 countries/territories in West and Central Africa, published between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 2017.ResultsThe literature search retrieved 1672 records, of which 51 and 45 were retained for a qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. Non-specified human taeniosis cases were described for Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic Congo, Guinea, and Ivory Coast (seven out of 27 countries/territories), while T. saginata taeniosis specifically was only reported for Cameroon. Most prevalence estimates for taeniosis ranged between 0–11%, while three studies from Nigeria reported prevalence estimates ranging between 23–50%. None of the studies included molecular confirmation of the causative species. The presence of bovine cysticercosis was reported for Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Tristan da Cunha (14 out of 27 countries/territories). Prevalence estimates ranged between 0–29%.ConclusionsOur systematic review has revealed that human taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis are seriously understudied in West and Central Africa. The high prevalence estimates of both conditions suggest an active dissemination of this parasite in the region, calling for a concerted One Health action from public health, veterinary health and food surveillance sectors.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this articl

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieParasitologie et mycologieSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid

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  Epidemiology of Underweight among Infants in Rural Burkina Faso

  ABSTRACT.Infant undernutrition is thought to contribute to growth failure and mortality. We evaluated the patterns in underweight in a population-based sample of children aged 1–11 months in rural northwestern Burkina Faso. Data were collected during the baseline assessment of a community-randomized trial evaluating mass azithromycin distribution in Nouna District, Burkina Faso. A door-to-door census was undertaken for all households in all communities. Infants aged 1–11 months were weighed for weight-based dosing in the trial and their weights were used to calculate weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ). Underweight was defined as WAZ ≤ 2. We evaluated the age patterns in WAZ and underweight by demographic, seasonal, and geographic characteristics. Of 7,109 infants, 6,077 had accurate weight and global positioning system (GPS) coordinate data (85.5%). Infants were a median of 6 months old (interquartile range [IQR] 3–8) and 48.4% were female. Mean WAZ was −0.68 (SD 1.6) and 19.0% were underweight. The WAZ decreased with increasing age, and the prevalence of underweight increased from 2.5% among 1-month-olds to 27.6% among 11-month-olds. Underweight was more common among boys than girls (22.1% among boys versus 15.6% among girls). Improved latrine use by the household was associated with increased WAZ, and this effect was stronger in male compared with female infants. Given the large burden of underweight among infants, interventions addressing undernutrition should specifically include infants.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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  Épidémiosurveillance de la cysticercose bovine en France : situation en 2016

  Céline Dupuy, Pierre Guillet, Mylène Auge, Luc Serra, Stéphanie Darnal, Esther Jeuffé, Bruno Polack

  Les données de 2010, 2015 et 2016 montrent une diminution faible même si statistiquement significative de la prévalence et de l’incidence de la cysticercose bovine en France. En 2016 la prévalence apparente était de 0,110 % [0,109-0,110], l’incidence apparente de 0,0081 % [0,0080-0,0083]. L’ajustement de ces données sur l’âge et le sexe n’a pas entraîné de modification importante de ces valeurs.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

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  Epidermodysplasie verruciforme: à propos d’un cas

  Fatima-Zahra Agharbi

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epigastralgies révélant un lymphome pancréatique primitif à grandes cellules B chez un patient jeune: à propos d’un cas

  Benmoussa Amine, Lasri Najat, Tazi Ilias

  Le lymphome malin non hodgkinien (LMNH) primitif du pancréas est une localisation extrêmement rare des LMNH extraganglionnaires représentant moins de 0,7% de tous les LMNH et moins de 0,5% des tumeurs malignes pancréatiques, touchant essentiellement le sujet âgé et très rarement le sujet jeune (l'intérêt de notre cas). Son diagnostic est difficile simulant cliniquement l'adénocarcinome de pancréas et les pancréatites chroniques. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient de 25ans, suivi pour lymphome non hodgkinien (LNH) diffus à grandes cellules B de localisation pancréatique primitive révélé par des épigastralgies avec ictère foudroyant d'installation brutale dans un contexte d'altération de l'état général et diagnostiqué sur une biopsie de la loge duodéno-pancréatique. Le diagnostic et la prise en charge précoce de ces tumeurs agressives permettent d'améliorer significativement leur pronostic.

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Épigénomique et criblage génétique pour l’étude des pathologies

  Aurélien A Sérandour

  Ce manuscrit présente mon parcours scientifique structuré autour de l’analyse des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans les états pathologiques. Les travaux s’inscrivent dans une démarche intégrative visant à relier l’organisation de la chromatine, la régulation transcriptionnelle et les phénotypes cellulaires. Un premier axe est consacré à l’étude de l’épigénome, et en particulier de l’hydroxyméthylome, en tant que marqueur fonctionnel de la régulation transcriptionnelle. Le développement et l’application de méthodes de cartographie à haute résolution m’a permis de caractériser le rôle de la 5-hydroxyméthylcytosine dans l’identification de régions régulatrices actives et dans la structuration des programmes transcriptionnels, notamment dans le myélome multiple.Un second axe porte sur l’analyse mécanistique des interactions entre la chromatine et les facteurs de transcription, à l’aide d’approches combinant ChIP-seq, ChIP-exo et protéomique, permettant de relier organisation chromatinienne et contrôle transcriptionnel. Enfin, ce manuscrit développe des approches de génétique fonctionnelle reposant sur des criblages CRISPR appliqués à des contextes infectieux et tumoraux, afin d’identifier des gènes et des voies impliqués dans le comportement cellulaire. L’ensemble de ces travaux témoigne d’une trajectoire scientifique cohérente et de l’acquisition d’une autonomie complète dans la conduite de projets de recherche.

  BiochimieBiologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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  Epilepsie et santé de la reproduction: enjeux et perspectives

  Glorien Jemissair Lemahafaka, Sonia Maminirina Fenomanana, Alain Djacoba Tehindrazanarivelo

  L'épilepsie complique la vie reproductive d'une femme. La modification physiologique de la femme et les effets des antiépileptiques sont en générale la cause. Plusieurs complications peuvent s'ajouter au cours du traitement qui nécessite une surveillance rigoureuse. Les antiépileptiques entrainent surtout des effets tératogènes et malformatives. Pour éviter ou minimiser ces complications, les femmes épileptiques doivent être accompagnées dès l'âge pubertaire, en cas de la contraception associée pendant la grossesse et l'accouchement. Toujours prescrire le traitement antiépileptique en monothérapie en évitant les médicaments à effets connus tératogènes et de préférence les anciens médicaments. La prise en charge conjointe par les neurologues et gynéco-obstétriciens est plus efficaces. Pendant la grossesse, il est important de mettre la patiente sous acide folique. L'administration de vitamine K, en fin de grossesse et en période néonatale, est une prévention des complications hémorragiques périnatales. Le choix d'allaitement est individuel car il n’y a aucune contre-indication formelle de l'allaitement chez les épileptiques sous traitement. Le respect de ses conditions renforce la confiance et favorise une vie reproductive rassurante chez nos épileptiques.

  PharmacologieGynécologie-obstétriqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epilepsie révélant une chorée-acanthocytose: à propos d’un cas

  Nawfal Doghmi, Abdelghafour Elkoundi, Amine Meskine, Aziz Benakrout, Abdelouahed Baite, Cherqui Haimeur

  La chorée-acanthocytose (ChAc) est une affection autosomique récessive très rare causée par des mutations dans le gène VSP13A sur le chromosome 9q21. Elle est caractérisée par des signes neurologiques, des manifestations psychiatriques et une atteinte multisystémique comportant une myopathie, une neuropathie axonale et la présence de globules rouges spiculées ou acanthocytes. Rarement, l’épilepsie peut être le symptôme initial chez ces patients, ce qui peut considérablement retarder le diagnostic. Nous décrivons le cas d’un patient atteint de cette pathologie qui a présenté des crises épileptiques plusieurs années avant l’apparition des manifestations typiques.

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Epilepsies et crises épileptiques aiguës chez l'enfant en Afrique subsaharienne: défis et espoirs

  Célestin Kaputu-Kalala-Malu

  L’épilepsie est une maladie neurologique fréquemment rencontrée en Afrique Subsaharienne (ASS) au sein de la population pédiatrique. Bien que sa prévalence exacte au sein de cette population ne serait pas connue, il y a lieu de penser qu'elle n'est pas très différente de celle de la population générale à cause de l’âge précoce de son début - avant 20 ans dans plus 60% des cas - et à l'absence de la distribution bimodale retrouvée dans les pays industrialisés. Tout au long de cette revue de la littérature, une réalité se dégage: la prise en charge globale de l'enfant épileptique en ASS est inadéquate. Pour inverser cette tendance, les défis à relever semblent être de trois ordres. Outre la recherche, ces défis comportent une dimension thérapeutique et une dimension éducationnelle. Il y a nécessité de former des médecins à la pratique de la neurologie pédiatrique tout en créant des conditions de travail qui limitent la fuite des cerveaux. Il est urgent d'identifier et de combler les besoins nécessaires à la prise en charge correcte des enfants épileptiques selon les pays et les régions (indisponibilité des médicaments anti comitiaux, l'absence des guidelines nationaux, le déficit d'encadrement de guérisseurs traditionnels…) enfin, il est impérieux d'encourager la réalisation des études visant à établir l'incidence et la prévalence correctes des épilepsies chez l'enfant afin de faciliter la pose des jalons des mesures de lutte ciblées.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePharmacologiePédiatrieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  ePILLY trop – Maladies infectieuses tropicales

  Collège des universitaires de maladies infectieuses et tropicales (CMIT)

  Ouvrage de référence francophone sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales, téléchargeable gratuitement sur le site du CMIT.

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : lecture-libre

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  Epiplooplastie médiastinale dans le traitement d'une médiastinite post chirurgie cardiaque: à propos d'un cas

  Hicham Labsaili, Waseem Borik, Pierre Demondion, Pascal Leprince

  Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient diabétique et obèse, opéré d'une chirurgie de revascularisation myocardique avec l'utilisation des deux artères mammaires internes comme greffon. L'intervention s'est compliquée d'une médiastinite traitée premièrement à thorax fermé et secondairement par une épiplooplastie. Cette technique reste efficace dans les médiastinites graves et délabrantes. Tout chirurgien cardiaque et digestif doit la connaitre.

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Episiotomy and obstetric outcomes among women living with type 3 female genital mutilation: a secondary analysis

  Maria I. Rodriguez, Armando Seuc, Lale Say, Michelle J. Hindin

  BackgroundTo investigate the association between type of episiotomy and obstetric outcomes among 6,187 women with type 3 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM).MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of women presenting in labor to 28 obstetric centres in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal and Sudan between November 2001 and March 2003. Data were analysed using cross tabulations and multivariable logistic regression to determine if type of episiotomy by FGM classification had a significant impact on key maternal outcomes. Our main outcome measures were anal sphincter tears, intrapartum blood loss requiring an intervention, and postpartum haemorrhage.ResultsType of episiotomy performed varied significantly by FGM status. Among women without FGM, the most common type of episiotomy performed was posterior lateral (25.4 %). The prevalence of the most extensive type of episiotomy, anterior and posterior lateral episiotomy increased with type of FGM. Among women without FGM, 0.4 % had this type of episiotomy. This increased to 0.6 % for women with FGM Types 1, 2 or 4 and to 54.6 % of all women delivering vaginally with FGM Type 3. After adjustment, women with an anterior episiotomy, (AOR = 0.15 95 %; CI 0.06–0.40); posterior lateral episiotomy (AOR = 0.68 95 %; CI 0.50–0.94) or both anterior and posterior lateral episiotomies performed concurrently (AOR = 0.21 95 % CI 0.12–0.36) were all significantly less likely to have anal sphincter tears compared to women without episiotomies. Women with anterior episiotomy (AOR = 0.08; 95%CI 0.02–0.24), posterior lateral episiotomy (AOR = 0.17 95 %; CI 0.05–0.52) and the combination of the two (AOR = 0.04 95 % CI 0.01–0.11) were significantly less likely to have postpartum haemorrhage compared with women who had no episiotomy.ConclusionsAmong women living with FGM Type 3, episiotomies were protective against anal sphincter tears and postpartum haemorrhage. Further clinical and research is needed to guide clinical practice of when

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieGynécologie-obstétriqueSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid

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  Epispadias masculin isolé

  Yddoussalah Othmane, Alae Touzani

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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