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  • Article libreArticle

    Facteurs pronostiques et survie des leucémies aiguës de l'adulte au Burkina Faso

    Catherine TRAORÉ, Koumpingnin NEBIÉ, Salam SAWADOGO, Adjaratou Fabienne SANOU, Arsène HÉMA, Éléonore KAFANDO

    RésuméIntroduction/justificationLes leucémies aiguës constituent une urgence à la fois diagnostique et thérapeutique. Notre étude a pour but de décrire les facteurs pronostiques et la survie des adultes atteints de leucémies aiguës au Burkina Faso.Patients et méthodesÉtude transversale, descriptive à collecte de données rétrospective couvrant une période de 4,5 ans (2018-2022) dans deux centres hospitaliers et universitaires du Burkina Faso. Ont été inclus tous les patients de plus de 18 ans hospitalisés pour leucémie aiguë dans ces sites.RésultatsAu total, 42 cas ont été colligés dont 45% étaient atteints de leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique (LAL) et 43% de leucémie aiguë myéloïde (LAM). Dans 12% des cas, la leucémie aiguë n'était pas classée. Les patients présentaient dans 12% des cas un âge de mauvais pronostic. Les comorbidités étaient présentes chez 14% des patients. L'altération de l'état général était assez constante avec 95% des patients aux stades 3 et 4 de l'OMS. L'hyperleucocytose au diagnostic était présente dans 67% des cas. Le décès en milieu hospitalier était constaté chez 38% des patients. La médiane de survie était de 3 mois. La survie était de 30% à 6 mois et de 0% à 12 mois.ConclusionLes leucémies aiguës demeurent dans notre pratique des affections de mauvais pronostic avec une survie courte.

    Santé publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Cet article en libre accès est distribué selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 ().
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  • Article libreArticle

    Facteurs thérapeutiques affectant la cicatrisation au cours des gangrènes du périnée

    Oussama Baraket, Wissem Triki, Karim Ayed, Sonia Ben Hmida, Mohamed Amine Lahmidi, Abdelamjid Baccar, Samy Bouchoucha

    Les gangrène du Fournier est une fasciite nécrosante rare et grave. Elle est grevée d'une lourde morbi-mortalité nécessitant une prise en charge médico-chirurgicale rapide et énergique. Le traitement initial repose sur la réanimation associée au débridement chirurgical. Secondairement le problème majeur reste la cicatrisation et les séquelles que gardent les patients. Plusieurs modalités thérapeutiques sont actuellement disponibles a fin d'améliorer et accélérer la cicatrisation. Notre étude rétrospective a colligé 20 cas. L'âge médian dans notre série était d 56 ans. Il y avait 16 hommes et 7 femmes. Une comorbidité était présente chez 15 patients. L'antibiothérapie a été entreprise dans tous les cas avec une durée médiane de 15 jours Le traitement chirurgical était entrepris dans tous les cas. Des révisions itératives étaient nécessaires chez tous les patients avec une médiane de 3 changements de pansements. Une colostomie était réalisée dans 6 cas. Une oxygénothérapie hyperbare était réalisée dans 4 cas. Une vaco-thérapie dans 1 cas. Un geste de recouvrement cutané était nécessaire dans 2 cas. La durée médiane de cicatrisation était de 15 jours avec l oxygénothérapie versus 24 jours en l absence de ce traitement. La durée médiane d'hospitalisation était de 20 jours. Quatre décès ont été dénombrés dans cette série. L obtention d'une cicatrisation sans séquelles est un chalenge dans la prise en charge thérapeutique. Malgré l'adjonction de nouvelles modalités thérapeutique ses résultats restent non satisfaisants. Cependant une approche multidisciplinaire associée à une oxygénothérapie et une vac-thérapie pourrait améliorer les résultats chez ces patients.

    Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)PharmacologieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors Affecting Pain Control in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease at Mwananyamala and Muhimbili Hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

    Background/Objective: The most common hemoglobin disorder in the world is SCD. The majority of SCD cases come from Africa, accounting for up to two-thirds of the 300,000 annual births of individuals with SCD worldwide. In Tanzania, 11,000–14,000 babies are born with SCD each year. Despite treatment advancement, pain is still an attributable cause of admissions among patients with SCD. However, data are still lacking regarding the adequacy of pain control in patients with SCD in Tanzania. The aim of this study was to determine factors affecting pain control among patients with SCD presenting with painful events at Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) and Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at MRRH and MNH, which are tertiary referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Patients with SCD aged 8 years and above who presented at the hospitals with painful events (from August 2022 to February 2023) were enrolled in the study. We used a structured questionnaire to collect data on participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and clinical parameters. The adequacy of pain control was assessed using the WHO Pain Management Index. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with pain control. Differences were considered statistically significant when the p-value was <0.05. Results: A total of 390 patients with SCD were analyzed. The mean age (±SD) was 15 (±6) years. Most patients were recruited from outpatient clinics (88.2%). The male-to-female ratio was 1:1. The majority of patients had less than three pain episodes per year (77.9%), and about 64.6% presented to the hospital with mild pain. The proportion of patients on hydroxyurea was 62.3%. Furthermore, one-third of patients had inadequate pain control. Factors associated with inadequate pain control included receiving initial pain management in other health facilities (adjusted odds ratio [aOR

    HématologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors Affecting the Uptake of HIV Testing among Men: A Mixed-Methods Study in Rural Burkina Faso

    BackgroundThis study aimed to explore factors shaping the decision to undergo Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing among men in rural Burkina Faso.MethodsThe study took place in 2009 in the Nouna Health District and adopted a triangulation mixed methods design. The quantitative component relied on data collected through a structured survey on a representative sample of 1130 households. The qualitative component relied on 38 in-depth interviews, with men purposely selected to represent variation in testing decision, age, and place of residence. A two-part model was conducted, with two distinct outcome variables, i.e. “being offered an HIV test” and “having done an HIV test”. The qualitative data analysis relied on inductive coding conducted by three independent analysts.ResultOf the 937 men, 357 had been offered an HIV test and 97 had taken the test. Younger age, household wealth, living in a village under demographic surveillance, and knowing that HIV testing is available at primary health facilities were all positively associated with the probability of being offered an HIV test. Household wealth and literacy were found to be positively associated, and distance was found to be negatively associated with the probability of having taken an HIV test. Qualitative findings indicated that the limited uptake of HIV testing was linked to poor knowledge on service availability and to low risk perceptions.ConclusionWith only 10% of the total sample ever having tested for HIV, our study confirmed that male HIV testing remains unacceptably low in Sub-Saharan Africa. This results from a combination of health system factors, indicating general barriers to access, and motivational factors, such as one’s own knowledge of service availability and risk perceptions. Our findings suggested that using antenatal care and curative services as the exclusive entry points into HIV testing may not be sufficient to reach large portions of the male population. Thus, additional strategies

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieImmunologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors associated with access to healthcare in Burkina Faso: evidence from a national household survey

    Hilaire Zon, Milena Pavlova, Wim Groot

    BackgroundBurkina Faso has undertaken major reforms, the cornerstone of which has been the decentralization of the health system to increase access to primary healthcare and to increase the effectiveness, efficiency, financial viability and equity of health services. This study aims to analyze the socio-demographic determinants of households’ access to healthcare in Burkina Faso.MethodsWe used data from a national household survey conducted in 2014 in Burkina Faso. We carried out binary logistic and linear regression analysis using data from a national household survey. The statistical analysis explored the associations between socio-demographic characteristics on the one side, and the use of health services, satisfaction with health services and expenditures on health services, on the other side.ResultsThe findings indicate an association between age, education, income and use of services (p < 0.0005). The results show that healthcare users’ satisfaction is influenced by age, the association is stronger with the age group under 24 (p < 0.0005) than the age group of 25–39 (p < 0.005). An association was found between the age group under 15 (p < 0.005), the type of health facility used (p < 0.0005), the distance traveled to health facilities (p < 0.005) and households’ individuals’ health expenditure.ConclusionSpecific policies are needed to enhance geographical access to healthcare, financial access to and satisfaction with healthcare in moving towards universal health coverage (UHC).Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-06145-5.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors associated with acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months in Haiti, Burkina Faso and Madagascar: A pooled analysis

    BackgroundAcute malnutrition is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years worldwide, and Action Contre la Faim (ACF) aims to address its causes and consequences. To better tailor humanitarian programs, ACF conducts standardized contextual studies called Link NCAs (Nutrition Causal Analysis), to identify factors associated with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). Data from three Link NCAs performed in 2018 and 2019 in Haiti, Burkina Faso and Madagascar were used to explore the prevalence of malnutrition by different indicators and associated risk factors among children aged 6–59 months.MethodsCross-sectional data, collected via household surveys applying two-stage cluster sampling, were pooled to build a sample of 1,356 children. Recommended anthropometric thresholds were used to define SAM (Weight-for-Height Z-score (WHZ) <-3 or Mid-upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) <115 mm and/or presence oedema), MAM (-3≤WHZ<-2 or 115≤MUAC<125 mm) and global acute malnutrition GAM (SAM or MAM) among children. Multivariate analyses for each anthropometric indicator were performed using logistic mixed models and adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe prevalence of acute malnutrition was the highest in Madagascar. The risk of having GAM and MAM varied across countries, while the risk of having SAM varied across clusters. Being male, suffering from diarrhea, and having unwashed face and hands, were significantly associated with GAM by WHZ with adjusted odds ratio of 1.9 [95%Confidence interval (CI):1.1–3.2], 1.7 (95%CI: 1.0–3.1) and 1.9 (95%CI: 1.0–3.6) respectively. These factors were also associated with MAM by WHZ. None of the studied factors was significantly associated with SAM, which could be due to a small sample size.ConclusionThese results obtained from a large sample contribute to the evidence of the factors associated with undernutrition in children aged 6–59 months. Further research with larger sa

    Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors associated with adequate antenatal care use among women of childbearing age in Burkina Faso: finding from the 2010 and 2021 demographic and health surveys

    Hermann Badolo, Aristide Romaric Bado, Herman Bazié, Yisso Fidèle Bacyé, Romaine Konseiga, Hervé Hien

    IntroductionAntenatal care (ANC) is a critical determinant of maternal and infant wellbeing and is a reliable method for reducing maternal and infant mortality. Antenatal care use is considered adequate when the first ANC takes place in the first trimester and the woman completes at least four ANC in accordance with WHO recommendations during her pregnancy. Despite the increasing of the proportion of women having completed at least four ANC in Burkina Faso, the data show that WHO recommendations are far from being respected. This study aimed to determine the evolution of individual, family and community factors associated with the adequate use of ANC in Burkina Faso between 2010 and 2021.MethodsThe data used in this study is procured from the Demographic and Health Surveys carried out in Burkina Faso in 2010 and 2021. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors associated with the use of antenatal care. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were estimated to assess the strength of associations, and 95% confidence intervals were used for significance testing. A proportion test was used to examine differences in ANC utilization between 2010 and 2021 in Burkina Faso.ResultsIn our study sample, 22.92% (95% CI: 22.11–23.74) of the respondents in 2010 had adequate ANC use, compared to 46.34% (95% CI: 45.12–47.58) in 2021. The results demonstrate the influence of the woman’s individual characteristics, the household and the community characteristics on the adequate ANC use in Burkina Faso. Regarding the woman’s individual characteristics, age, educational level, marital status, occupation and modern contraceptive methods use were significantly associated with adequate ANC use in 2010 and 2021. The household wellbeing quintile, the degree of exposure to the media and the region of residence were significantly associated with adequate antenatal care use in 2010 and 2021.ConclusionThis study notes that Burkina Faso has made enormous progress in improving the coverage

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieGynécologie-obstétriqueLicence : This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journa
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors Associated with Communities’ Satisfaction with Receiving Curative Care Administered by Community Health Workers in the Health Districts of Bousse and Boussouma in Burkina Faso, 2024

    Background: Since 2010, Burkina Faso has developed and initiated community-based management of childhood illnesses. Following the increased presence of community health workers and the adoption of free community health care, this study aims to assess community satisfaction with curative care administered by community health workers. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Data were collected in the health districts of Boussé and Boussouma from 20 February to 30 March 2023 for quantitative data and from 12 to 30 January 2024 for qualitative data using a questionnaire (household survey) and an interview grid (focus groups). Analyses were conducted using SPSS IBM 25 and Nvivo 14. Results: Households benefit from oral curative care when using Community health workers, but are not satisfied with the temporal accessibility of these community health workers. Temporal accessibility and awareness during care have a significant influence on household satisfaction. Conclusions: Curative care by community health workers is effective, but its use could be improved by addressing the unavailability of community health workers, inputs and better communication during care.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors Associated with Complications of Snakebite Envenomation in Health Facilities in the Cascades Region of Burkina Faso from 2016 to 2021

    Snakebite envenomation remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in rural populations. This study identified factors associated with the complications of snakebite envenomation reported in the Cascades region of Burkina Faso. This cross-sectional study used the routine data of patients admitted for snakebite envenomation at five health facilities between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021. Data were collected on sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with signs of envenomation. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with complications. Among the 846 patients with envenomation, 355 (42%) experienced complications. Local complications (23.2%, 196/846) included wounds and skin necrosis, whereas systemic complications (34.3%, 290/846) included hemorrhage, shock, and coma. Of all complicated cases, 7.6% (27/355) died. Factors associated with complications were rural residence (AOR: 4.80; 95% CI: 2.21–11.4), incision at the bite site (AOR: 4.31; 95% CI: 2.51–7.52), tourniquet application (AOR: 5.52; 95% CI: 1.42–30.8), bleeding (AOR: 14.2; 95% CI: 8.80–23.4), abnormal vital signs (AOR: 14.3; 95% CI: 9.22–22.7), and lack of antivenom administration (AOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.8–4.8). These findings highlight the importance of antivenom availability and public awareness for reducing the incidence of complications of snakebite envenomation.

    Santé publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors associated with digital tools use among primary healthcare professionals in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study of the minimal digital ecosystem

    Relwendé Nacanabo, Joël Arthur Kiendrébéogo, Noëllie Konsebo, Issa Kaboré, Orokia Sory, David Zombré, Rémi Kaboré, Simon Tiendrebeogo, Charlemagne Tapsoba, T. Daliah Marie Nacoulma, Toudala Paré, Yamba Kafando

    BackgroundThe use of digital tools in healthcare remains limited in many countries, although their use by healthcare professionals is key to the effective implementation of digital health. In 2023, Burkina Faso introduced the Minimal Digital Ecosystem (MDE), a set of eight digital tools designed to support healthcare providers in clinical care, free-service management, pharmaceutical supply, and quality assessment. This study aims to identify factors associated with the use of MDE tools among healthcare professionals.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in four districts of Burkina Faso (Ziniaré, Ténado, Manga, and Sapouy). Spatially representative health facilities were selected using Moran autocorrelation, and purposive sampling was applied to recruit health professionals. Data were analysed through chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsFactors varied across tool categories. Use of service delivery tools (REC-PCIME and REC-Maternité) was significantly associated with secondary education (aOR = 3.47; 95% CI: 1.68–7.20). Perceived ease of use strongly influenced E-SantéCom adoption (aOR = 98.51; 95% CI: 1.77–5492.15). Men were more likely to use NetSIGL 2.0 (aOR = 3.07; 95% CI: 1.76–5.36), while access to more than four tablets reduced its use (aOR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35–0.91). Geographic disparities were observed for E-Qualité, with almost no uptake in Manga (aOR = 0.01; 95% CI: 0.00–0.18). For E-Flux financier, secondary education was again a major predictor (aOR = 7.66; 95% CI: 1.45–40.38). Finally, use of E-Gratuité and individual electronic care record tool (FIS) was associated with male gender (aOR = 18.04; 95% CI: 5.14–63.30) and more than 10 years of professional experience (aOR = 12.05; 95% CI: 1.59–91.46).ConclusionMDE tools use in Burkina Faso is shaped by both individual factors (gender, education, experience, and perceptions) and structural factors (equipment availability and geographic disparities). Targeted strategies are n

    Gynécologie-obstétriqueSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original autho
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors Associated with Early Introduction of Formula and/or Solid, Semi-Solid or Soft Foods in Seven Francophone West African Countries

    Abukari I. Issaka, Kingsley E. Agho, Andrew N. Page, Penelope L. Burns, Garry J. Stevens, Michael J. Dibley

    The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with early introduction of formula and/or solid, semi-solid or soft foods to infants aged three to five months in seven Francophone West African countries. The sources of data for the analyses were the most recent Demographic and Health Survey datasets of the seven countries, namely Benin (BDHS, 2012), Burkina Faso (BFDHS, 2010), Cote d’Ivoire (CIDHS, 2011–2012), Guinea (GDHS, 2012), Mali (MDHS, 2012–2013), Niger (NDHS, 2012) and Senegal (SDHS, 2010). The study used multiple logistic regression methods to analyse the factors associated with early introduction of complementary feeding using individual-, household- and community-level determinants. The sample was composed of 4158 infants aged between three and five months with: 671 from Benin, 811 from Burkina Faso, 362 from Cote d’Ivoire, 398 from Guinea, 519 from Mali, 767 from Niger and 630 from Senegal. Multiple analyses indicated that in three of the seven countries (Benin, Guinea and Senegal), infants who suffered illnesses, such as diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection, were significantly more likely to be introduced to formula and/or solid, semi-solid or soft foods between the age of three and five months. Other significant factors included infants who: were born in second to fourth position (Benin), whose mothers did not attend any antenatal clinics (Burkina Faso and Niger), were male (Cote d’Ivoire and Senegal), lived in an urban areas (Senegal), or were delivered by traditional birth attendants (Guinea, Niger and Senegal). Programmes to discourage early introduction of formula and/or solid, semi-solid or soft foods in these countries should target the most vulnerable segments of the population in order to improve exclusive breastfeeding practices and reduce infant mortality.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ().
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors associated with female genital mutilation in Burkina Faso and its policy implications

    Bue Karmaker, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, Donna Chung, Aileen Clarke

    BackgroundFemale genital mutilation (FGM) usually undertaken between the ages of 1-9 years and is widely practised in some part of Africa and by migrants from African countries in other parts of the world. Laws prohibit FGM in almost every country. FGM can cause immediate complications (pain, bleeding and infection) and delayed complications (sexual, obstetric, psychological problems). Several factors have been associated with an increased likelihood of FGM. In Burkina Faso, the prevalence of FGM appears to have increased in recent years.MethodsWe investigated social, demographic and economic factors associated with FGM in Burkina Faso using the 2003 Demographic Health Survey (DHS). The DHS is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey (multistage stratified random sampling of households) of women of reproductive age (15-49 years). Associations between potential risk factors and the prevalence of FGM were explored using χ2 and t-tests and Mann Whitney U-test as appropriate. Logistic regression modelling was used to investigate social, demographic and economic risk factors associated with FGM.Main outcome measuresi) whether a woman herself had had FGM; ii) whether she had one or more daughters with FGM.ResultsData were available on 12,049 women. Response rates by region were at least 90%. Women interviewed were representative of the underlying populations of the different regions of Burkina Faso. Seventy seven percent (9267) of the women interviewed had had FGM. 7336 women had a daughter of whom 2216 (30.2%) had a daughter with FGM and 334 (4.5%) said that they intended that their daughter should have it. Univariate analysis showed that age, religion, wealth, ethnicity, literacy, years of education, household affluence, region and who had responsibility for health care decisions in the household had (RHCD) were all significantly related to the two outcomes (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis stratified by religion mainly confirmed these findings, however, educa

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieGynécologie-obstétriqueSanté publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors Associated with Growth Retardation in Children Suffering from Sickle Cell Anemia: First Report from Central Africa

    Aimé Lukusa Kazadi, René Makuala Ngiyulu, Jean Lambert Gini-Ehungu, Jean Marie Mbuyi-Muamba, Michel Ntetani Aloni

    Background. The aim of this study was to investigate and determine the risk factors associated with poor growth among SCA children. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa, the capital's country. The nutritional status was assessed using the Z scores of the anthropometric indices. Results. We gathered data on the 256 patients, 138 females (53.9%), who entered the study. The mean age at presentation was 8.4 ± 4.9 years of age. Underweight, stunting, and wasting were found, respectively, in 47.7%, 10.5%, and 50.3% of SCA children. A history of hand-foot syndrome, more than 3 blood transfusions, being less than 12 months of age when receiving the first transfusion, more than two severe sickle crises per year, a medical history of severe infections, and the presence of hepatomegaly were associated with poor growth. When comparing sickle cell patients under 12 years of age (n = 159) to a group of 296 age-matched children with normal Hb-AA, a significantly higher proportion of subjects with stunting and underweight were found among SCA. Conclusion. Nutritional status encountered in Congolese sickle cell children has been described for the first time in this study. A high prevalence of poor growth in SCA children was found in our study.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieHématologiePédiatrieLicence : This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors associated with health insurance ownership among women of reproductive age: A multicountry study in sub-Saharan Africa

    BackgroundPromoting the coverage and ownership of health insurance constitutes a key strategy to achieving universal healthcare, thereby meeting the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 3.8) of safeguarding the vulnerable population from financial risk resulting from catastrophic health expenditures. In sub-Saharan Africa, accessing medical services is particularly challenging among women due to inadequate opportunities for socio-economic empowerment and meeting their unique healthcare needs. The present study aimed to explore the sociodemographic factors associated with health insurance ownership among women in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe extracted cross-sectional data on health insurance ownership and conceptually relevant sociodemographic variables on women aged 15–49 years from Demographic and Health Surveys on five selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa (n = 55,438), including Burkina Faso, DR Congo, Cameroon, Gabon and Kenya. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate regression analysis, and the associations were reported in terms of average marginal effects.ResultsData revealed considerable cross-country variation in health insurance ownership: Gabon (57.9%), Kenya (6.1%), DR Congo (2.8%), Cameroon (1.1%), Burkina Faso (0.4%). In the multivariate regression analysis, women’s age, marital status, place of residency, educational level, household wealth status, employment, and media access were significant predictors of insurance ownership. The associations were generally similar across the five countries, with higher age, better educational level and wealth status showing a consistently positive relationship with insurance ownership.ConclusionOur findings revealed striking inequality in health insurance ownership among the studied countries, which should be given due attention to achieving universal healthcare-related goals. There also exist considerable sociodemographic disparities in health insurance ownership among women tha

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors associated with health-seeking behavior amongst children in the context of free market: Household study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2011

    BackgroundLimited access to healthcare among children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a major cause of poor infant health indicators. Although many speculate that the private sector expansion has overwhelmingly reinforced health systems’ utilization, little is known as to whether and where children are cared for when they are sick. This study investigated health-seeking behavior (HSB) among children from an urban area of Burkina Faso, with respect to disease severity and the type of provider versus children’s characteristics.MethodsA cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso using a two-stage sampling strategy. 1,098 households (2,411 children) data were collected. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyze providers’ choice for emergency, severe and non-severe conditions; sex-preference was further assessed with a χ2 test.ResultsThirty-six percent of children requiring emergency care sought private providers, as did 38% with severe conditions. Fifty-seven percent with non-severe conditions were self-medicated. A multivariable GEE indicated that University-educated household-heads would bring their children to for-profit (instead of public) providers for emergency (OR = 3.51, 95%CI = 1.90; 6.48), severe (OR = 4.05, 95%CI: 2.24; 7.30), and non-severe (OR = 3.25, 95%CI = 1.25; 8.42) conditions. A similar pattern was observed for insured and formal jobholders. Children’s sex, age and gender was not associated with neither the type of provider preference nor the assessed health condition.ConclusionPrivate healthcare appeared to be crucial in the provision of care to children. The household head’s socioeconomic status and insurance coverage significantly distinguished the choice of care provider. However, the phenomenon of son-preference was not found. These findings spotlighted children’s HSB in Burkina Faso.

    PédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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  • Article libreArticleEn anglais

    Factors associated with intrapartum stillbirth in a tertiary teaching hospital in Burkina Faso

    Bewendin Evelyne Komboigo, Hyacinthe Zamane, Abou Coulibaly, Sansan Rodrigue Sib, Madina Thiombiano, Blandine Thieba

    IntroductionIntrapartum stillbirth is an indicator of health and community development.ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors associated with intrapartum stillbirth in a tertiary teaching hospital in Burkina Faso.Patients and methodsA case-control study conducted from January 1 to August 30, 2019. Cases were defined as patients admitted to Yalgado Ouedraogo teaching hospital (YOTH) with a live fetus of at least 28 weeks’ gestation and who gave birth to an intrapartum stillborn, a fetus delivered without any signs of life in the first minute postpartum. Controls were defined as patients who delivered a live newborn. Study controls were gradually recruited and matched to cases. For each case, two controls were recruited and matched according to criteria such as delivery route and day of delivery. Data were cleaned in Epidata and exported to Stata for analysis. Variables with a p < 0.05 significance level in the multivariable regression were retained. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals are reported.ResultsEighty-three intrapartum stillbirths were documented among a total of 4,122 deliveries, a stillbirth rate of 20.1 per 1,000 births. There was a statistically significant association between intrapartum stillbirth and prior caesarean section (p = 0.045), multiparity (p = 0.03), the receipt of antenatal care (ANC) by a nurse (p = 0.005) and the disuse of the partogram (p = 0.004). We did not find a significant association between the number of ANC consultations performed (p = 0.3), whether membranes were ruptured at admission (p = 0.6), the duration of labor (p = 0.6) and intrapartum fetal death. Multivariate analysis showed that patient referral to another heath facility (OR: 3.33; 95% IC: 1.56, 7.10), no obstetric ultrasound performed (OR: 3.16; 95% IC: 2.11, 4.73), birth weight less than 2,500 g (OR: 7.49; 95% IC: 6.40, 8.76) were significantly associated with intrapartum stillbirth.ConclusionSpecific interventions must be taken to identify these risk factor

    Gynécologie-obstétriqueSanté publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journa
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    Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mixed crop-livestock farmers on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and other zoonoses in Burkina Faso

    Abdoul Kader Ilboudo, Michel Dione, Ard M. Nijhof, Martin H. Groschup, Ousmane Traoré, Guy S. Ilboudo, Zekiba Tarnagda, Madi Savadogo, Bernard Bett

    BackgroundThe burden of zoonotic diseases remains high in low and middle-income countries. Among the most prevalent zoonoses, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) can pose economic and health threats, particularly among at-risk professionals. We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CCHF and other zoonoses among mixed-crop livestock farmers in the rural settings of Burkina Faso.MethodsA cross-sectional study that involved selected households from sixteen villages was conducted. Consenting participants aged six and above were randomly included, and a structured questionnaire that collected socio-economic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning CCHF and other zoonoses was administered. Two index outcome variables were created based on an elaborated scale: i) attitudes and practices at risk of CCHF; and ii) knowledge of zoonoses. Descriptive statistics were performed, and univariable ordinary least squares (OLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) were used for univariable and multivariable modeling, respectively, to assess the drivers of both outcomes.ResultsOf the 717 respondents, 66.4 % were male, and 20.4 % were under 15 years old. The attitudes and practices at risk were high (48.1 %), and the knowledge toward zoonoses was limited for 47.8 % of the farmers. Our multivariable SUR model shows higher odds of attitudes and practices associated with CCHF risk in men (Coef [95 %CI] = 2.85[2.14;3.56]; p-value<0.001). This risk increases with the distance to the livestock grazing area, and among the households owning their livestock grazing area (Coef [95 %CI] = 1.57[0.47;2.66]; p-value = 0.005). The farmers' age (Coef[95 % CI] = 0.02[0.002;0.04]; p-value = 0.028), the male gender (Coef 95 %CI] = 1.5[0.94;2.14]; p-value<0.001), the household's farming surface (Coef[95 %CI] = 0.03[0.002;0.6]; p-value = 0.032), were the significant factors driving knowledge of zoonoses among the farmers.ConclusionThe study reveals concerning h

    Santé publiqueLicence : This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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    Factors associated with mothers’ health care-seeking behaviours for childhood fever in Burkina Faso: findings from repeated cross-sectional household surveys

    Hermann Badolo, Aristide R. Bado, Hervé Hien, Nicolas Méda, A. Sathiya Susuman

    IntroductionFever is one of the most frequent reasons for paediatric consultations in Burkina Faso, but health care-seeking behaviours and the factors associated with health care-seeking in the event of childhood fever are poorly documented. This study aims to analyse the health care-seeking behaviours and the factors associated with health care-seeking for childhood fever in Burkina Faso. MethodsThis study used the data from the baseline and endline surveys conducted to evaluate the impact of the Performance-Based Financing program in Burkina Faso. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with appropriate healthcare-seeking for childhood fever. Odds ratios were estimated to assess the strength of associations and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for significance tests. Data were cleaned, coded and analysed using Stata software version 16.1. ResultsAmong the children under five who had a fever, 75.19% and 79.76% sought appropriate health care in 2013 and 2017, respectively. Being 24–59 months old (AOR: 0.344, 95% CI 0.182–0.649 in 2013 and AOR: 0. 208, 95% CI 0.115–0.376 in 2017), living in a very wealthy household (AOR: 2.014, 95% CI 1.149–3.531 in 2013 and AOR: 2.165, 95% CI 1.223–3.834 in 2017), having a mother with a secondary or higher level of education or having made at least four antenatal care visits were significantly associated with seeking appropriate health care for childhood fever. Living in an area where the health facility is safe was also significantly associated with seeking appropriate care for childhood fevers.ConclusionsThe findings underscore the need to concentrate efforts aiming at sensitizing the population (especially women of childbearing age) to improve sanitation and the use of family planning (household composition), skilled antenatal care and postnatal care to help reduce the prevalence of fever in children under five and improve the use of medical healthcare f

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original autho
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    Factors associated with Schistosomiasis outbreak at Omindamba primary school, Omusati region, Namibia: a case-control study, March 2016

    Uzenia Ndatelela Mupakeleni, Kofi Mensah Nyarko, Francina Ananias, Peter Nsubuga, Emmy-Else Ndevaetela

    IntroductionOn march 2, 2016, the principal of Omindamba primary school in Outapi district notified the Outapi hospital of a cluster of students complaining of dysuria and passing bloody urine. We conducted an investigation to identify the agent, source of infection, and to determine factors associated with the outbreak.MethodsAn unmatched 1:1 case-control study was conducted. A case was defined as any student of Omindamba primary school, who passed bloody urine with or without dysuria or lower abdominal pains from 2nd- 4th March 2016, during the time of the investigation. A control was a classmate of a case. We collected demographic, clinical and environmental data.Results125 cases and 125 controls were enrolled into the study. The mean age for cases was 11.3 years and controls was 11.0 years, with standard deviation of 3.2 years in both cases and controls. The most affected age group was 11-15 years with 63 (50.4%) cases, followed by 6-10 years with 51(40.8%) cases. Schistosoma hematobium was isolated in the urine specimens examined. Swimming in the canal (adjusted OR = 3.58; 95% CI = 1.14-11.2; p-value = 0.03), and using Etaka pond as a source of water (adjusted OR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.09-3.50, p-value = 0.02) were independent factors associated with contracting schistosomiasis.ConclusionThe Schistosomiasis outbreak among the school children was caused by Schistosoma hematobium. Swimming in the canal and using Etaka pond as a source of drinking water were the predictive factors for the infection. A community-based health education on the prevention of Schistosomiasis was implemented.

    Parasitologie et mycologiePédiatrieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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    Factors Associated with the 18-Month Cumulative Incidence of Seroconversion of Active Infection with Taenia solium Cysticercosis: A Cohort Study among Residents of 60 Villages in Burkina Faso

    Veronique Dermauw, Hélène Carabin, Rasmané Ganaba, Assana Cissé, Zékiba Tarnagda, Sarah Gabriël, Pierre Dorny, Athanase Millogo

    Abstract.Taeniasis/cysticercosis (CC) is an important disease complex with significant burden. This large-scale cohort study aimed at estimating and exploring individual- and village-level factors associated with the cumulative incidences of seroconversion (SC) and seroreversion (SR) of active human CC in three provinces of Burkina Faso. In 60 villages, blood samples were collected and interviews regarding sociodemographic variables and knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the disease complex were conducted at baseline and 18-month follow-up (N = 2,211), with the presence of active CC being determined using the B158/B60 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA). The 18-month Ag SC and SR were estimated at 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6; 4.2%) and 35.8% (95% CI: 24.5; 48.5%), respectively. Marked provincial differences were found for the 18-month Ag SC (Boulkiemde: cumulative incidence ratio [CIR]: 2.41 (95% CI: 1.21; 4.78) and Nayala: CIR: 3.28 (95% CI: 1.37; 7.84), compared with Sanguie), while not being significantly associated with other sociodemographic factors. A continued refraining from pork consumption was associated with a lower 18-month Ag SC (CIR: 0.55 [95% CI: 0.28; 1.07]), whereas at the village level, the percentage of households owning pigs was associated with a higher 18-month Ag SC (CIR: 1.03 [95% CI: 1.01; 1.05]). In conclusion, this is one of few cohort studies and the first to have enough power to assess possible causal links between individual- and village-level variables and CC in humans. Variables linked to province, pig raising, and pork consumption behaviors were found to cause Ag SC in humans. The latter results further support the importance of adopting a One Health approach to the control of CC.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieImmunologieSanté publiqueLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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    Factors Associated with the Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

    Osita Kingsley Ezeh, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Garry John Stevens, Wadad Kathy Tannous, Osuagwu Levi Uchechukwu, Pramesh Raj Ghimire, Kingsley Emwinyore Agho

    The early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) within one hour after birth enhanced mother–newborn bonding and protection against infectious diseases. This paper aimed to examine factors associated with EIBF in 13 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). A weighted sample of 76,934 children aged 0–23 months from the recent Demographic and Health Survey dataset in the ECOWAS for the period 2010 to 2018 was pooled. Survey logistic regression analyses, adjusting for country-specific cluster and population-level weights, were used to determine the factors associated with EIBF. The overall combined rate of EIBF in ECOWAS was 43%. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, EIBF was significantly lower in Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal. Mothers who perceived their babies to be average and large at birth were significantly more likely to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of birth than those mothers who perceived their babies to be small at birth. Mothers who had a caesarean delivery (AOR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.22–0.36), who did not attend antenatal visits (ANC) during pregnancy, and delivered by non-health professionals were more likely to delay initiation of breastfeeding beyond one hour after birth. Male children and mothers from poorer households were more likely to delay introduction of breastfeeding. Infant and young child feeding nutrition programs aimed at improving EIBF in ECOWAS need to target mothers who underutilize healthcare services, especially mothers from lower socioeconomic groups.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieGynécologie-obstétriqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().
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    Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Circulating Antigens to Porcine Cysticercosis in Three Villages of Burkina Faso

    BackgroundLittle is known about porcine cysticercosis in Burkina Faso. We conducted a pilot study to estimate the prevalence of antigens of Taenia solium cysticercosis and to identify associated factors in pigs of three villages in Burkina Faso, selected to represent different pig management practices: one village where pigs are allowed to roam freely (Batondo), one village where pigs are penned part of the time (Pabré) and one village with limited pig farming (Nyonyogo).Methods/Principal FindingsA clustered random sampling design was used. Data on socio-demographic characteristics (source of drinking water, presence of latrines in the household, type and number of breeding animals) and pig management practices were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from one pig per household to determine the presence of antigens of the larval stages of T. solium by the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA. The associations between seropositivity and socio-demographic and pig management practices were estimated using logistic regression. Proportions of 32.5% (95% CI 25.4–40.3), 39.6% (31.9–47.8), and 0% of pigs, were found positive for the presence of circulating antigens of T. solium in Batondo, Pabré, and Nyonyogo, respectively. The results of the logistic regression analyses suggested that people acquire knowledge on porcine cysticercosis following the contamination of their animals. The presence of antigens in the pigs' sera was not associated with the absence of latrines in the household, the source of drinking water or the status of infection in humans but was associated with pig rearing practices during the rainy season.Conclusions/SignificanceThe results suggest that education of pig farmers is urgently needed to reduce the prevalence of this infection. Author Summary Taenia solium cysticercosis is a neglected tropical infection transmitted between humans and pigs. This infection is particularly common in areas where sanitation, hygiene and pig manageme

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
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    Factors associated with the use of insecticide-treated nets: analysis of the 2018 Burkina Faso Malaria Indicator Survey

    Mahamadi Tassembedo, Soumaila Coulibaly, Boukary Ouedraogo

    BackgroundSleeping under an ITN reduces contact with mosquitoes through the combination of a physical barrier and an insecticidal effect, which reduces the incidence of malaria. The 2016–2020 Burkina Faso National Malaria Strategic Plan aims to have at least 90% of the population, 100% of children under age 5, and 100% of pregnant women sleep under an ITN.MethodsThe analysis examines individual, household, and community-level factors associated with ITN usage. According to the 2017–18 Burkina Faso MIS, 58% of individuals in households that own at least one ITN reported that they slept under an ITN on the night before the survey.ResultsThe use of ITNs was significantly associated with individual, household, and community-level variables that included age, gender, age of household head, number of sleeping rooms, wealth, malaria prevalence, residence, and region.ConclusionsThe results highlight areas of intervention at the individual, household, and community levels that can increase ITN use.

    Biostatistiques et épidémiologieParasitologie et mycologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as
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    Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment failure in the Central East Health region of Burkina Faso

    Adama Diallo, Désiré Lucien Dahourou, Ter Tiero Elias Dah, Souleymane Tassembedo, Romial Sawadogo, Nicolas Meda

    IntroductionTuberculosis treatment failure results in increased risk of morbidity, drug resistance, transmission and mortality. There are few data about tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Burkina Faso. The current study investigated the factors associated with tuberculosis treatment failure in the central east health region of Burkina Faso.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study. All cases of pulmonary tuberculosis failing first-line treatment matched to those who were cured (controls) in the Central Eastern Region were sampled from January 2010 to December 2014. Predictors of treatment failure were determined using multiple conditional logistic regression.ResultsA total of 381 patients with positive microscopic pulmonary tuberculosis were included. Of these 76 cases failed first-line treatment while 305 controls were cured. Weight loss between diagnosis and first sputum-smear examination was significantly associated with the tuberculosis treatment failure [aOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.7]. In addition, the delay from between treatment initiation to first sputum-smear examination, and high bacillary load at the first sputum-smear examination were significantly associated with treatment failure (p<0.001).ConclusionStrengthening the relationship between health care services and local communities to improve the follow-up of tuberculosis patients, and improving adherence to tuberculosis treatment among tuberculosis patients with weight loss between treatment initiation and 2-month sputum-smear examination could be useful to reduce the risk of unsuccessful outcome.

    Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)PharmacologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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