La bibliothèque des étudiants en santé

9415 ressources

• Lien vers la sourceThèse

  Implication du système Xer dans l’émergence des multi-résistances aux antibiotiques chez la bactérie Acinetobacter baumannii

  Corentin Blanchais

  Acinetobacter baumannii est un pathogène nosocomial émergent à l'échelle mondiale, responsable d'un large éventail d'infections, notamment dans les unités de soins intensifs. Cette bactérie est surtout connue pour être multirésistante aux antibiotiques et capable d’acquérir facilement de nouvelles résistances dont, de manière inquiétante, des résistances aux carbapénèmes. Chez A. baumannii les plasmides sont largement impliqués dans l'émergence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, notamment en facilitant le transfert horizontal de gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques entre les bactéries. Les premières analyses génomiques de la diversité des plasmides d'A. baumannii ont révélés que les plasmides Rep_3 abritent des gènes adaptatifs dans des régions variables, dont l'acquisition ou la perte serait impliquée dans la voie de recombinaison Xer. Un exemple illustratif est le plasmide pABV01, portant le gène blaOXA24 (conférant une résistance aux carbapénèmes) flanqué de sites de recombinaison Xer inversés, appelé xrs. Bien que le squelette de ce plasmide ressemble étroitement à d'autres précédemment décrits, la région flanquée de deux sites xrs présente une variabilité. A ce jour des structures de type « cassette-xrs » sont retrouvées dans une très large gamme de type de plasmide Rep_3, contenant parfois des gènes de résistance à des antibiotiques divers. Par conséquent, il a été postulé que ces cassettes xrs pourraient constituer une nouvelle famille d'éléments génétiques mobiles, mobilisée par le système de recombinaison Xer. Lors de ma thèse j’ai testé cette hypothèse afin de montrer que les cassette-xrs sont capables de se déplacer parmi les plasmides Rep_3. Dans une première partie nous avons étudié en profondeur l’interaction du système Xer d’A. baumannii avec les xrs portés par les plasmides. Nos résultats montrent que le système Xer d'A. baumannii est un système classique de résolution de dimères de chromosomes, que la plupart des séquences xrs trouvées sur les pla

  BiochimieBiologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Implications of conflict on vaccination in the Sahel region

  Majdi M Sabahelzain, Harriet Dwyer, Seye Abimbola, Julie Leask

  AbstractThe Sahel region is a geographical belt in Africa that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, between the Sahara Desert in the north and the Savannah in the south. It is characterised by challenging environmental crises and conflicts. This analysis highlights the potential implications of conflict on vaccination across five Sahel countries, including Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger and Sudan, from 2019 to 2023. It also presents recommendations to improve vaccination coverage in these settings. The WHO Immunisation Data Portal was used to extract data about vaccination coverage and disease outbreaks. With the increasing complexity of humanitarian access in the Sahel, there has been an accumulation of the number of zero-dose and underimmunised children. In 2023 alone, most of these countries had a significant proportion of zero-dose children, particularly Sudan (43%), Mali (22%) and Chad (16%). Nearly half of children in Sudan (49%), 33% in Chad and 23% in Mali are underimmunised. Measles vaccine coverage was consistently below 90% in these countries, except for Burkina Faso. The trend of polio outbreaks (circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus) across these countries showed fluctuations in the number of cases, with Niger having reported several cases over this period, and Chad having 101 cases reported in 2020 alone. Despite relatively high coverage, there were significant outbreaks of polio in Burkina Faso, Sudan and Mali in 2020, which reflects the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons can be learnt from past diplomatic and programmatic successes, while investments in innovative and flexible approaches may help increase the reach of vaccination programmes in inaccessible areas.

  ImmunologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original w

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Implications of COVID-19 infections in sickle cell disease

  Nitin Ashok John, Jyoti Elgiva John

  Sickle cell disease is a major concern of public health significance in Africa. Nearly 2/3rd of the global burden of sickle cell disease (SCD) is found to be in sub-Saharan Africa. There is increased mortality risk in sickle cell disease patients in Africa due to associated complications such as acute chest syndrome, asthma, pulmonary emboli and sepsis. Sickle cell disease management is the major contributor of financial burden on the government. Moreover, there is a shortage of medical specialists in Africa. COVID-19 pandemic has further led to devastating impact on economy and health globally. The chances of SCD patient contracting COVID-19 infections are higher as these patients are immunocompromised and may be at a higher risk of mortality. Practicing preventive measures including isolation and social distancing by these patients will prevent mortality rates as well as economic burden on government in the present unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic.

  ImmunologieHématologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Pan African Medical Journal (ISSN: 1937-8688). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, p

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Importance of extending the use of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of venereal syphilis in a blood transfusion center in Burkina Faso, West Africa

  Abibou Simpore, Cyrille Bisseye, Bolni Marius Nagalo, Mahamoudou Sanou, Yacoub Nébié, Laure Stella Ghoma-Linguissi, Honorine Dahourou, Boukary Sawadogo, Florencia Djigma, Siaka Ouattara, Virginio Pietra, Jason Nichol, Jacques Simpore

  IntroductionDue to the existence of a variety of types of non-venereal syphilis caused by the related T. pallidum, regular serological testing such as Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) and Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay Technique (CMIA) are often unable to differentiate venereal syphilis from the non- venereal one, hence, the interest in the use of molecular biology testing for a confirmation diagnosis of syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.ObjectiveThe study is designed to assess the effectiveness of PCR testing and serological methods in the diagnosis of Treponema pallidum subsp pallidum among blood donors in Burkina Faso.MethodesThe study included 6375 samples of volunteer blood donors from the regional blood transfusion center of Ouagadougou (CRTS/O). Among samples, 183 positive and 59 negative in RPR were analyzed to detect antibodies anti-T. pallidum subsp pallidum with a immunoassay method (CMIA) and were confirmed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction testing.ResultsIn RPR, we obtained a prevalence rate of 2.9% (183/6375) for treponematosis. From the 183 RPR+ specimen, 108 (59%) were found CMIA+ and 11 (6%) were confirmed PCR+. While the 59 pattern RPR-; 31 (52.5%) were CMIA + including 3 (5.1%) tested PCR+. Seventy-five (75) samples RPR + /CMIA-; 2 (2.7%) were confirmed positive by PCR. All 28 samples RPR-/CMIA- were confirmed negative by PCR.ConclusionPCR testing confirmed a low distribution of T. pallidum subsp pallidum in comparison to serological methods. Cross-reactions, existence of non-venereal treponemal or immunological scars could account for the discrepancy between the results obtained.

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Lien vers la sourceArticle

  Importance scientifique, sanitaire et sociale du microbiome vaginal

  Samuel Alizon, Jeanne Tamarelle

  Le microbiome vaginal est un objet d’étude idéal avec sa diversité de bactéries limitée, ses communautés qui se structurent facilement selon de grands types stables, son échantillonnage aisé et son environnement bien caractérisé. Il est aussi dynamique, et varie en fonction des périodes de la vie, des mécanismes biologiques tels que les cycles hormonaux ou les menstruations et des expositions particulières (antibiotiques, pratiques sexuelles). Les associations entre le microbiote vaginal et la santé sont très fortes (infections sexuellement transmissibles, fertilité, bien-être général), ce qui pose la question de la prévention et des thérapies, tout en évitant l’écueil d’une pathologisation excessive.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticle

  Importantes lésions radiologiques de spondylodiscite tuberculeuse pauci-symptomatique

  Hasina Ursèle Andrianarimanitra, Narindra Lova Hasina Ny Ony Rajaonarison, Miora Lovatiana Randrianalison, Ahmad Ahmad

  La spondylodiscite tuberculeuse est la localisation la plus fréquente des tuberculoses ostéo-articulaires et parmi-celle-ci l'atteinte dorsolombaire est prédominante. Les formes associées à d'autres localisations de la tuberculose restent rares chez les immuno-compétants. Les auteurs rapportent une observation d'un patient présentant des signes radiologiques majeurs d'une tuberculose multiviscérale et spondylo-discale confirmée histologiquement, avec un tableau clinique pauvre afin de discuter l'intérêt de l'imagerie dans le diagnostic de cette pathologie.

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)ImmunologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Imported lassa fever in Germany: molecular characterization of a new lassa virus strain.

  S Günther, P Emmerich, T Laue, O Kühle, M Asper, A Jung, T Grewing, J ter Meulen, H Schmitz

  We describe the isolation and characterization of a new Lassa virus strain imported into Germany by a traveler who had visited Ghana, Côte D'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso. This strain, designated "AV," originated from a region in West Africa where Lassa fever has not been reported. Viral S RNA isolated from the patient's serum was amplified and sequenced. A long-range reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction allowed amplification of the full-length (3.4 kb) S RNA. The coding sequences of strain AV differed from those of all known Lassa prototype strains (Josiah, Nigeria, and LP) by approximately 20%, mainly at third codon positions. Phylogenetically, strain AV appears to be most closely related to strain Josiah from Sierra Leone. Lassa viruses comprise a group of genetically highly diverse strains, which has implications for vaccine development. The new method for full-length S RNA amplification may facilitate identification and molecular analysis of new arenaviruses or arenavirus strains.

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueImmunologieLicence : This is a publication of the U.S. Government. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improved BioGents® Sentinel trap with heat (BGSH) for outdoor collections of Anopheline species in Burkina Faso and Mali, West Africa

  Amadou Guindo, Patric Stephane Epopa, Sidy Doumbia, Abdoul-Azize Millogo, Brehima Diallo, Franck Adama Yao, Bilkissou Yagoure, Frederic Tripet, Abdoulaye Diabate, Mamadou B. Coulibaly

  BackgroundSince the late 1990s, malaria control programmes have relied extensively on mass bednet distribution and indoor residual spraying. Both interventions use pesticides and target mosquitoes coming indoors either to feed or to rest. Unfortunately, these intensified vector control campaigns have resulted in mosquito populations with high levels of resistance to most of the chemical compounds used against them and which are increasingly exophagic and exophillic, hence difficult to monitor indoors. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel tools to sample outdoor anopheline populations for monitoring interventions and disease surveillance programmes.MethodologiesIn this study, we tested several modifications and configurations of the BioGents® Sentinel (BGS) trap, designed with the aim to increase its efficacy for sampling malaria vector species. Traps were used with chemical attractants and CO2, and the impacts of trap position, trap colour contrast combination and the addition of a heat source were tested in two studies conducted in the Sudano-Sahelian region of Burkina Faso and Mali.ResultsThe results show that of all the configurations tested, the addition of a heat source to the BGS trap with the original colour combination and an upward positioning resulted in a 1.8- and 5.9-fold increase in host-seeking Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) females in the experiments performed in Burkina Faso and Mali, respectively. BGS with heat traps, referred to as BGSH traps, captured An. gambiae (s.l.), An. pharoensis, An. coustani, Culex and Mansonia spp. Importantly, the results suggest that their efficacy does not depend on the close proximity of nearby hosts in houses.ConclusionsThe results suggest that BGSH traps can be an effective scalable tool for sampling outdoor anopheline vector populations. Further developments enabling CO2 and heat generation for longer periods of time would further improve the trap’s versatility for large-scale surveillance programmes.

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improved Detectability of Plasmodium falciparum Clones with Repeated Sampling in Incident and Chronic Infections in Burkina Faso

  Aissata Barry, Shehu S. Awandu, Alfred B. Tiono, Lynn Grignard, Teun Bousema, Katharine A. Collins

  ABSTRACT.We evaluated the detectability of Plasmodium falciparum clones when assessed on 3 consecutive days in incident and chronic infections in naturally exposed children living in an area of intense malaria transmission in Burkina Faso. The median number of clones by merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2) genotyping was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2–5) in incident infections compared with 6 (IQR 4–8) in chronic infections (P < 0.0001). When all clones detected on days 1-3 were considered as true complexity of infection, sampling on day 1 detected only 69.4% (109/157) or 68.3% (228/334) of all clones in incident and chronic infections, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that a large proportion of clones are missed by single time-point sampling. In addition, because of the high complexity of infection early in incident infections, our data suggest many infections may be caused by genetically complex inocula.

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueParasitologie et mycologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improved neonatal survival through economically sustainable reorganization of a neonatal care unit in a developing country: 7-year experience in the Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC) of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  Paolo Ernesto Villani, Alessandra Ricchini, Agnes Thombiano, Paul Ouedraogo, Donatella Cattarelli, Maria Paola Chiesi, Salvatore Pignatelli, Virginio Pietra, Autino Beatrice, Giovanna Mescoli, Richard Fabian Schumacher

  PédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticle

  Improved sensitivity, safety and laboratory turnaround time in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by use of bleach sedimentation

  Ameh James, Kingsley Ochei, Nnamdi Emenyonu, Lovett Lawson

  BackgroundInadequate diagnostic processes and human resources in laboratories contribute to a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) in low- and middle-income countries. Direct smear microscopy is relied on for TB diagnosis; however, sensitivity rates vary. To improve sensitivity of direct microscopy, the researchers employed several approaches, including sputum digestion and concentration of acid-fast bacilli (AFB), a technique which uses commercial bleach.ObjectivesThis study compared methods used to diagnose active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.MethodsThree sputum specimens were collected from each of 340 participants in Abuja, Nigeria, over two consecutive days. Direct microscopy was performed on all specimens; following microscopy, one specimen from each patient was selected randomly for bleach sedimentation and one for Lowenstein-Jensen culture.ResultsDirect microscopy produced 28.8% AFB-positive results, whilst bleach sedimentation resulted in 30.3%. When compared with the cultures, 26.5% were AFB true positive using direct microscopy and 27.1% using bleach sedimentation. Whilst the specificity rate between these two methods was not statistically significant (P = 0.548), the sensitivity rate was significant (P = 0.004).ConclusionBased on these results, bleach increases the sensitivity of microscopy compared with direct smear and has similar specificity. When diagnosing new cases of pulmonary TB, one bleach-digested smear is as sensitive as three direct smears, reducing waiting times for patients and ensuring the safety of laboratory technicians.

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Maladies infectieuses et tropicalesLicence : AOSIS OpenJournals. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improving access to healthcare services for sickle cell disease patients in Nigeria: perspectives and views of healthcare professionals

  Godspower Onavbavba, Obi Peter Adigwe, Solomon Oloche Onoja

  IntroductionIn sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of sickle cell disease remains high. With annual sickle cell births of about 150,000, Nigeria is reported to have the highest prevalence of the disease globally. This study aimed to explore the views and perspectives of healthcare professionals regarding access to healthcare services for sickle cell disease.MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional design was employed for this study. Participants comprised healthcare practitioners across Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was utilised for data collection. A stratified multistage sampling strategy was used for the study, and respondents were recruited from all the six geographical zones in the country. Data collected were entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were undertaken. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages.ResultsThe response rate was 83.5% (1,002/1,200); male and female participants were of similar proportions, as indicated by 51.2% and 48.8%, respectively. A significant proportion of the participants (43.1%) disagreed that development partners have adequately contributed to the funding of sickle cell disease research in Nigeria. The majority of the respondents (81%) indicated that providing special funding for health research can facilitate access to healthcare services for sickle cell patients, whilst a similar proportion (79.2%) disagreed that the government alone bears the responsibility for healthcare initiatives for the disease. A third of the study participants (67.8%) were of the view that current research and development efforts towards sickle cell disease were inadequate.ConclusionThis study describes health professionals' views on access to healthcare for sickle cell, and the findings revealed the criticality of private and development sector funding in reducing the burden of the disease. Furthermore, capacity building at the primary healthcare

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journa

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improving data use for decision making by neglected tropical disease program teams: eight use cases

  Liz Grubin, Lakshmi Balachandran, Sarah Bartlett, Nana-Kwadwo Biritwum, Simon Brooker, Fiona Fleming, Karsor Kollie, Sultani Matendechero, Birhan Mengistu, TJ Muehleman, Upendo Mwingira, Brooke Partridge, Alex Pavluck, Maria Rebollo Polo, Modeste Tezembong, Derek Treatman, Rosalyn Yeary, Katie Zoerhoff, Honorat Zoure

  Background: The achievement of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) program goals depends on numerous factors, including the ability of national programs to use high-quality, timely data to inform their decision-making and program delivery. This paper presents a use case analysis of the routine data used by national NTD programs targeting lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, and trachoma. Methods: The use cases were developed through a combination of secondary and primary research focused on both global trends and deep dives into Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Tanzania. Results were refined through a stakeholder convening and the final eight use cases were determined through iteration and prioritization with stakeholders. Results: Eight use cases were developed: improve treatment register data quality, strengthen supervision of drug distributors during mass drug administration (MDA), generate accurate community-level population data for MDAs, create and manage an accurate inventory of drugs, meet district coverage targets during MDA campaigns, feedback and performance to sub-district teams, feedback on performance to sub-national teams, and national-level program use of data for evaluation and decision making. Each use case identifies key actors and their data-related needs and critical challenges, defines the current and desired state, and articulates the profile of a solution (digital and non-digital) needed to complete the use case. Conclusion: The systematic strengthening of data use for decision-making in NTD programs is key for reaching the 2030 Roadmap goals. Integrated together, the presented use cases, when translated into action using appropriate and innovative solutions, can help to ensure that accurate and timely data are present at every step of a program and empower countries to use these data to make program decisions.

  Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieSanté publiqueLicence : This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improving diets and nutrition through an integrated poultry value chain and nutrition intervention (SELEVER) in Burkina Faso: study protocol for a randomized trial

  Aulo Gelli, Elodie Becquey, Rasmane Ganaba, Derek Headey, Melissa Hidrobo, Lieven Huybregts, Hans Verhoef, Romain Kenfack, Sita Zongouri, Hannah Guedenet

  BackgroundThe SELEVER study is designed to evaluate the impact of an integrated agriculture–nutrition package of interventions (including poultry value chain development, women’s empowerment activities, and a behavior change communications strategy to promote improved diets and feeding, care, and hygiene practices) on the diets, health, and nutritional status of women and children in Burkina Faso. This paper presents the rationale and study design.MethodsThe impact evaluation involves a cluster randomized controlled trial design that will be implemented in 120 rural communities/villages within 60 communes supported by SELEVER in the Boucle de Mouhoun, Centre-Ouest, and Haut-Bassins regions of Burkina Faso. Communities will be randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms, including: (1) SELEVER intervention group; (2) SELEVER with an intensive WASH component; and (3) control group without intervention. Primary outcomes include the mean probability of adequacy of diets for women and children (aged 2–4 years at baseline), infant and young child feeding practices of caregivers of children aged 0–2 years, and household poultry production and sales. Intermediate outcomes along the agriculture and nutrition pathways will also be measured, including child nutrition status and development. The evaluation will follow a mixed-methods approach, including a panel of child-, household-, community-, and market-level surveys, and data collection points during post-harvest and lean seasons, as well as one year after implementation completion to examine sustainability.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this study is the first to rigorously examine from a food systems perspective, the simultaneous impact of scaling-up nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions through a livestock value-chain and community-intervention platform, across nutrition, health, and agriculture domains. The findings of this evaluation will provide evidence to support the design of market-based nutri

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improving Management of Viral Febrile Illness and Reducing the Need for Empiric Antibiotics Using VIDAS® Immunoassay for Dengue and Chikungunya: A West African Multicentric Study

  Background: Dengue and chikungunya are endemic in West Africa, posing significant public health issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of differential and systematic diagnosis of dengue and chikungunya on patient management and on antibiotic use in Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in both countries involving patients with suspected dengue and/or chikungunya viremia. VIDAS® diagnostic tests (bioMérieux SA, Marcy-l’Étoile, France) were provided to the intervention sites, while the control sites initially followed standard of care before testing at the end of the study. The primary outcome was defined as antibiotic prescription or non-initiation/discontinuation, and the secondary endpoints included hospital resource use, patient satisfaction, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), analyzed through Chi-square and logistic regression using SAS software v9.4. Results: Out of 775 enrolled patients, 767 had corresponding VIDAS® Dengue and VIDAS® Chikungunya results, with 570 having recorded antibiotic therapy (initiated, non-initiated or discontinued). Both Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast observed an increase in antibiotic discontinuation (or non-initiation) rates at the intervention sites compared to control sites: increased from 60% to 78% in Burkina Faso and from 36% to 83% in Ivory Coast. Hospitalization rates within seven days following inclusion were also lower in intervention sites than in the control sites: Burkina Faso 41% as compared with 97% and Ivory Coast 24% as compared with 98%. Patient-reported antibiotic use within seven days post-inclusion was also significantly lower in intervention sites. Conclusions: The results showed a reduction in potential antibiotic overuse and hospital admissions (i.e., hospitalization rates within seven days) in both the Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast interventions sites. These findings emphasize the importance of enhanced diagnostic strategies for the i

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)ImmunologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improving Public Health Intervention Design for Food‐Borne Zoonotic Disease Control: Insights From a Situational Analysis of Meat Consumers’ Knowledge and Practices in Burkina Faso

  Madi Savadogo, Malik Orou Seko, Inoussa Conombo, Guesrim Lallogo, Serge Diagbouga, Zékiba Tarnagda, Rianatou Bada Alambedji

  ABSTRACTBackgroundIn low‐ and middle‐income countries, meat consumption is often associated with health risks due to limited awareness of zoonotic disease transmission. Burkina Faso is not exempt from these public health threats. This study aimed to assess knowledge and practices related to meat‐borne zoonotic risks among meat consumers in Burkina Faso.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive and analytical survey was conducted from August to November 2022, including 849 participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through face‐to‐face interviews. Scores were attributed to assess levels of knowledge and practices regarding zoonotic risks associated with meat handling and consumption. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsAccording to findings, although 90.22% acknowledged that meat could transmit zoonotic diseases to humans, only 31.22% could name at least one zoonotic disease. Poor hygiene in meat sale outlets was reported by 50.77% of respondents. Good practices, such as proper meat storage, were inconsistently reported, as 66.90% reportedly stored meat exposed to open air, and 46.29% used the same utensils for meat preparation and meal service in households. Overall, level of education, professional occupation, religion and position held in the household were significantly associated with both knowledge and practices (p < 0.05), and participants having better knowledge were more likely to adopt safer practices (p < 0.05).ConclusionDespite a general awareness of meat‐related health risks, including zoonotic diseases, knowledge gaps and unsafe practices remain prevalent among consumers. Reducing meat‐borne zoonotic diseases requires shifting from general awareness to actionable, behaviour‐oriented interventions. By combining community education, improved market hygiene and multi‐sectoral collaboration, public health authorities can substantially reduce preventabl

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of theLicense, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of Visual Devices for the Control of Riverine Tsetse Flies, the Major Vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis

  Control of the Riverine (Palpalis) group of tsetse flies is normally achieved with stationary artificial devices such as traps or insecticide-treated targets. The efficiency of biconical traps (the standard control device), 1×1 m black targets and small 25×25 cm targets with flanking nets was compared using electrocuting sampling methods. The work was done on Glossina tachinoides and G. palpalis gambiensis (Burkina Faso), G. fuscipes quanzensis (Democratic Republic of Congo), G. f. martinii (Tanzania) and G. f. fuscipes (Kenya). The killing effectiveness (measured as the catch per m2 of cloth) for small targets plus flanking nets is 5.5–15X greater than for 1 m2 targets and 8.6–37.5X greater than for biconical traps. This has important implications for the costs of control of the Riverine group of tsetse vectors of sleeping sickness. Author SummarySleeping Sickness (Human African Trypanosomiasis) is a serious threat to health and development in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently there are no vaccines or prophylactic drugs available to prevent contraction of the disease. Consequently vector control is the only method of disease prevention. In many areas, especially those lacking high densities of cattle, the only control option for routine use against tsetse flies are insecticide-treated targets or biconical traps. However, these methods in their current form are often too expensive for routine use against the riverine tsetse species that are the major vectors of sleeping sickness. Our aim is to develop a more cost-effective device than those currently available. Working on four species of tsetse fly we have shown that a small 25×25 cm target with adjacent flanking net was up to 38x more cost-effective at killing tsetse flies than existing devices. These findings suggest that this new technology may make vector control in HAT foci an affordable option.

  ImmunologiePharmacologieSanté publiqueLicence : This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improving the field accuracy of a malaria diagnostic algorithm combining sequential interpretation of rapid diagnostic test detecting PfHRP2 and pLDH in febrile children in a seasonal hyperendemic malaria transmission area in Burkina Faso

  ObjectiveTo evaluate the field accuracy of a malaria diagnostic algorithm combining sequential interpretation of two-step malaria RDT detecting PfHRP2 and pLDH with information on previous antimalarial treatments within the past four weeks for the diagnosis of malaria in febrile children under 5 years compared to standard diagnosis using a PfHRP2 only based RDT.MethodsFebrile children aged 6–59 months attending outpatient clinics were randomized to either the control group, which received the standard RDT (PfHRP2 only), or the intervention groups (an e-algorithm or a decisional algorithm), which was subjected to the diagnostic algorithm combining an RDT detecting PfHRP2 and pLDH with information on previous antimalarial treatment. Malaria diagnosis with PfHRP2-based RDT was reported as positive or negative. The sequential interpretation was reported as (i) positive when the pLDH line appeared, regardless of the PfHRP2 results, (ii) negative when both lines did not appear and (iii) undetermined when only the PfHRP2 line appeared, and information on previous antimalarial treatment within the past 4 weeks was used as a decision-support tool to classify active malaria from past infection. Blood samples were also collected for expert microscopy as the gold standard, and for qPCR to further evaluate undeterminate results and potential false-positive RDT outcomes.ResultsIn total 1176 children were included, with 66.7% (784/1176) assigned to the intervention arms and 33.3% (392/1176) to the control arm. In patients assigned to the sequential algorithm, the number of undetermined cases was 12.7% (100/784). Considering microscopy as the gold standard, PfHRP2-based RDT reported a sensitivity of 96.5% and a of specificity 79.1%, with positive and negative predictive values of 78.3% and 96.7%, respectively. For the sequential algorithm, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the conclusive-only results (i.e., PfHRP2±/pLDH+ and PfHRP2-/pLDH-) wer

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueParasitologie et mycologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improving the population genetics toolbox for the study of the African malaria vector Anopheles nili: microsatellite mapping to chromosomes

  Ashley Peery, Maria V Sharakhova, Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Cyrille Ndo, Mylene Weill, Frederic Simard, Igor V Sharakhov

  BackgroundAnopheles nili is a major vector of malaria in the humid savannas and forested areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the population genetic structure and evolutionary dynamics of this species is important for the development of an adequate and targeted malaria control strategy in Africa. Chromosomal inversions and microsatellite markers are commonly used for studying the population structure of malaria mosquitoes. Physical mapping of these markers onto the chromosomes further improves the toolbox, and allows inference on the demographic and evolutionary history of the target species.ResultsAvailability of polytene chromosomes allowed us to develop a map of microsatellite markers and to study polymorphism of chromosomal inversions. Nine microsatellite markers were mapped to unique locations on all five chromosomal arms of An. nili using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Probes were obtained from 300-483 bp-long inserts of plasmid clones and from 506-559 bp-long fragments amplified with primers designed using the An. nili genome assembly generated on an Illumina platform. Two additional loci were assigned to specific chromosome arms of An. nili based on in silico sequence similarity and chromosome synteny with Anopheles gambiae. Three microsatellites were mapped inside or in the vicinity of the polymorphic chromosomal inversions 2Rb and 2Rc. A statistically significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, due to a deficit in heterozygotes at the 2Rb inversion, and highly significant linkage disequilibrium between the two inversions, were detected in natural An. nili populations collected from Burkina Faso.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that next-generation sequencing can be used to improve FISH for microsatellite mapping in species with no reference genome sequence. Physical mapping of microsatellite markers in An. nili showed that their cytological locations spanned the entire five-arm complement, allowing genome-wide inferences. The k

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueParasitologie et mycologieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Improving the readiness and clinical quality of antenatal care – findings from a quasi-experimental evaluation of a performance-based financing scheme in Burkina Faso

  Inke Appel, Julia Lohmann, Manuela De Allegri, Jean-Louis Koulidiati, Serge Somda, Paul Jacob Robyn, Hermann Badolo, Stephan Brenner

  BackgroundWhile maternal mortality has declined globally, it remains highest in low-income countries. High-quality antenatal care (ANC) can prevent or decrease pregnancy-related complications for mothers and newborns. The implementation of performance-based financing (PBF) schemes in Sub-Saharan Africa to improve primary healthcare provision commonly includes financial indicators linked to ANC service quality indicators. In this study, we examine changes in ANC provision produced by the introduction of a PBF scheme in rural Burkina Faso.MethodsThis study followed a quasi-experimental design with two data collection points comparing effects on ANC service quality between primary health facilities across intervention and control districts based on difference-in-differences estimates. Performance scores were defined using data on structural and process quality of care reflecting key clinical aspects of ANC provision related to screening and prevention pertaining to first and follow-up ANC visits.ResultsWe found a statistically significant increase in performance scores by 10 percent-points in facilities’ readiness to provide ANC services. The clinical care provided to different ANC client groups scored generally low, especially with respect to preventive care measures, we failed to observe any substantial changes in the clinical provision of ANC care attributable to the PBF.ConclusionThe observed effect pattern reflects the incentive structure implemented by the scheme, with a stronger focus on structural elements compared with clinical aspects of care. This limited the scheme’s overall potential to improve ANC provision at the client level after the observed three-year implementation period. To improve both facility readiness and health worker performance, stronger incentives are needed to increase adherence to clinical standards and patient care outcomes. Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-023-05573

  Gynécologie-obstétriqueSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Lien vers la sourceArticle

  IMPULsE - développement et Intégration de Méthodes innovantes pour la maîtrise des PUnaises en cultures LEgumières

  Benjamine Gard, Alexandre Bout, Sandrine Chaillout, Laurent Camoin, Xavier Canal, Lily Cesari, Henri Clerc, Cécile Delamarre, Anthony Ginez, Jérôme Lambion, Guénaëlle Genson, Jean-Claude Streito, Lucas Tosello, Verfaille Thibaut, Pierre Patrice

  Le projet IMPULsE (2017-2020) a permis d’évaluer plusieurs méthodes de gestion des punaisesphytophages sur cultures de tomate, aubergine et chou. De plus, un travail important de caractérisationdes espèces de punaises présentes a été conduit afin de mieux connaître et d’être en mesure d’identifiercorrectement ces ravageurs très problématiques en culture. En parallèle, une étude visant à caractériserla diversité naturelle des parasitoïdes de punaises a été réalisée, permettant ainsi d’identifier les ennemisnaturels et de potentiels agents de lutte biologiques. A ce stade, les méthodes de gestions basées sur laprotection physique (filets, pièges chromatiques englués) et la lutte biologique (parasitoïdes, nématodesentomopathogènes) donnent les résultats les plus intéressants en culture de tomate et d’aubergines sousabris. L’utilisation de plantes pièges montre un réel intérêt en culture pour la gestion des punaises duchou en plein champ. A l’issue du projet, différents leviers de gestion ont été identifiées, cependant lesstratégies globales restent à affiner.

  GénétiqueParasitologie et mycologiePharmacognosie, phytothérapie et médecine traditionnelleLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  In Silico Identification of a Candidate Synthetic Peptide (Tsgf118–43) to Monitor Human Exposure to Tsetse Flies in West Africa

  BackgroundThe analysis of humoral responses directed against the saliva of blood-sucking arthropods was shown to provide epidemiological biomarkers of human exposure to vector-borne diseases. However, the use of whole saliva as antigen presents several limitations such as problems of mass production, reproducibility and specificity. The aim of this study was to design a specific biomarker of exposure to tsetse flies based on the in silico analysis of three Glossina salivary proteins (Ada, Ag5 and Tsgf1) previously shown to be specifically recognized by plasma from exposed individuals.Methodology/Principal FindingsSynthetic peptides were designed by combining several linear epitope prediction methods and Blast analysis. The most specific peptides were then tested by indirect ELISA on a bank of 160 plasma samples from tsetse infested areas and tsetse free areas. Anti-Tsgf118–43 specific IgG levels were low in all three control populations (from rural Africa, urban Africa and Europe) and were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in the two populations exposed to tsetse flies (Guinean HAT foci, and South West Burkina Faso). A positive correlation was also found between Anti-Tsgf118–43 IgG levels and the risk of being infected by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the sleeping sickness foci of Guinea.Conclusion/SignificanceThe Tsgf118–43 peptide is a suitable and promising candidate to develop a standardize immunoassay allowing large scale monitoring of human exposure to tsetse flies in West Africa. This could provide a new surveillance indicator for tsetse control interventions by HAT control programs. Author SummaryIncreasing interest is paid to blood-sucking arthropod's salivary antigens to develop host direct biomarkers of exposure. Nevertheless use of whole saliva is problematic both because of mass production and specificity issues. Here, we describe an in silico approach we used to identify potential epitopes on the amino acid sequence of three tsetse salivary proteins (A

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  In vitro antibacterial activity of tigecycline against multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated at the Sourô Sanou University teaching hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

  Odilon D. Kaboré, Mélissa J. Gonfouli, Merci Muhigwa, Abdourahmane Sow, Fernand Michodigni, André Nagalo, Jacques Zoungrana, Arsène Hema, Augustin Konkobo, Hervé Kafando, Adama Ouattara, Armel Poda, Sylvain Godreuil, Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo

  BackgroundTigecycline, an antibiotic effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB), remains inaccessible in Burkina Faso’s hospitals for urgent care. Given the resulting therapeutic challenges and mortality in emergency services, evidence-based study of tigecycline’s efficacy on local bacterial clinical isolates is necessary before recommending its use.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the activity of tigecycline on MDRB isolates at the Sourô Sanou University Teaching Hospital laboratory, Burkina Faso.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study with prospective and consecutive sampling of MDRBs. The latter included extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant strains (CRS), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which were isolated from urine, blood, pus and puncture fluids between 01 June 2022 and 31 August 2022. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the modified Kirby-Bauer method, and the results were interpreted according to the standard set by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in 2021.ResultsA total of 117 MDRBs, including 93 Enterobacterales, 15 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and 9 MRSAs were collected. The proportion of ESBL-E was 58% (68/117), followed by CRS (34%, 40/117) and MRSA (8%, 9/117). The activity of tigecycline was 95.5% (43/45) on ESBL-E, 72.5% (29/40) on CRS (including 10/15 CRAB), and 89% (8/9) on MRSA.ConclusionThe activity of tigecycline was highly effective on ESBL-E, carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales and MRSA, and moderate on CRAB.What this study addsThis was the first report on the evaluation of tigecycline activity on MDRBs in Burkina Faso. This non-marketed antibiotic in Burkina Faso could represent an alternative to spare carbapenems in the treatment of ESBL-E infections, and a last resort antibiotic against susceptible CRS infections in Burkina Faso’s hospitals.

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)PharmacologieSanté publiqueLicence : Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

  Lire dans MyLaafi
• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  In vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxic properties of some medicinal plants from western Burkina Faso

  Souleymane Sanon, Adama Gansane, Lamoussa P. Ouattara, Abdoulaye Traore, Issa N. Ouedraogo, Alfred Tiono, Donatella Taramelli, Nicoletta Basilico, Sodiomon B. Sirima

  BackgroundResistance of malaria parasites to existing drugs complicates treatment, but an antimalarial vaccine that could protect against this disease is not yet available. It is therefore necessary to find new effective and affordable medicines. Medicinal plants could be a potential source of antimalarial agents. Some medicinal plants from Burkina Faso were evaluated for their antiplasmodial and cytotoxic properties in vitro.MethodsCrude dichloromethane, methanol, water-methanol, aqueous and alkaloids extracts were prepared for 12 parts of 10 plants. Chloroquine-resistant malaria strain K1 was used for the in vitro sensibility assay. The Plasmodium lactacte dehydrogenase technique was used to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration of parasites activity (IC50). The cytotoxic effects were determined with HepG2 cells, using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric technique, and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated.ResultsSixty crude extracts were prepared. Seven extracts from Terminalia avicenoides showed IC50 < 5 µg/mL. The IC50 of dichloromethane, methanol, aqueous and alkaloids extracts ranged between 1.6 µg/mL and 4.5 µg/mL. Three crude extracts from Combretum collinum and three from Ficus capraefolia had an IC50 ranging between 0.2 µg/mL and 2.5 µg/mL. Crude extracts from these three plants had no cytotoxic effect, with SI > 1. The other plants have mostly moderate or no antimalarial effects. Some extracts from Cordia myxa, Ficus capraefolia and Opilia celtidifolia showed cytotoxicity, with an SI ranging between 0.4 and 0.9.ConclusionOur study showed a good antiplasmodial in vitro activity of Terminalia avicenoides, Combretum collinum and Ficus capraefolia. These three plants may contain antiplasmodial molecules that could be isolated by bio-guided phytochemical studies.

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologieImmunologieLicence : Licensee: AOSIS OpenJournals. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

  Lire dans MyLaafi