Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common genetic disorder in Africa. Some ongoing work in SCD research includes the analysis and comparisons of variation in phenotypic presentations and disease outcomes with the genotypic signatures. This has contributed to the observed growth of molecular and genetic data in SCD. However, while the “omics” data continues to pile, the capacity to interpret and turn the genetic findings into clinical practice is still underdeveloped, especially in the developing region. Building bioinformatics infrastructure and capacity in the region is key to bridging the gap. This paper seeks to illustrate how the Sickle Cell Programme (SCP) at the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) in Tanzania, modeled the integration of infrastructure for bioinformatics and clinical research while running day-to-day clinical care for SCD in Tanzania.
Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueHématologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Introduction : les rechutes post-allogreffe d'hémopathie myéloïde aiguë sont de mauvais pronostic. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer le devenir de ces patients ayant bénéficié de DLI dans ce contexte. Matériel et méthode : nous avons conduit une étude rétrospective multicentrique au sein des centres de la SFGM-TC incluant l'ensemble des patients ayant reçu au moins une DLI pour la prise en charge d'une rechute post allogreffe de LAM, de SMD et de Myélofibrose. Nous avons évalué le devenir de la cohorte globale puis déterminé les variables influençant favorablement ou défavorablement le pronostic après DLI. Résultats : 434 patients ont été inclus. Le suivi médian était de 231 jours. La survie globale à 1, 2 et 5 ans était respectivement de 45%, 32% et 20%. La survie globale était meilleure chez les patients ayant une LAM avec une mutation NPM1 (p = 0.03), chez les patients qui rechutaient tardivement (p < 0.0001) et chez les patients qui ont pu bénéficier d'une 2ème allogreffe (p = 0.004). La survie globale était diminuée chez les patients ayant une LAM avec cytogénétique défavorable (p <0.0001), un conditionnement d'intensité réduite (p = 0.03) ou séquentiel (p = 0.008). Conclusion : malgré le pronostic péjoratif des hémopathies myéloïdes en situation de rechute post-allogreffe, l'utilisation de DLI représente encore une stratégie de traitement efficace mais tire son bénéfice chez une catégorie précise de patients et nécessite souvent d'être associé à des thérapeutiques cytoréductrices et/ou d'être suivi d'une seconde allogreffe pour espérer obtenir un contrôle durable de la maladie.
Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
M. Lankoandé, P. Bonkoungou, A. Simporé, G. Somda, R. A. F. Kabore
BackgroundIn Burkina Faso, demographics are changing and we are seeing a growing prevalence of older patients in intensive care units. Elderly people have increased health care needs but there is a lack of geriatric specialists. This study aimed to analyze in-hospital outcome of patients aged over 65 years, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Yalgado Hospital.MethodsWe carried out a 5-year retrospective study in the ICU of Yalgado Ouédraogo Hospital. Elderly patients with completed records were included. Baseline characteristics, clinical and outcome were analyzed.ResultsTwo thousand one hundred sixteen patients were admitted to ICU, 237 (11.2%) of whom were included. There were 70 females and 167 males. The median age was 71.7 ± 6.1 years. The overall mortality rate in ICU was 73%, of whom 90% died within 7 days after admission. In multivariate analysis, shock (Odds Ratio: OR = 2.2, p = 0.002), severe brain trauma (OR; 9.6, p = 0.002), coma (OR 5.8 p < 0.003), surgical condition (OR = 4.2, p = 0.003), ASAPS Score ≥ 8 (OR = 4.3, p = 0.001), complication occurring (OR = 5.2, p = 0.001) and stroke (OR = 3.7, p = 0.001) were independent factors.ConclusionElderly patients were frequent in ICU and their mortality rate was high. Stroke, severe brain trauma, surgery, complications occurring during hospitalization were independent risk factors of death.
Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid
Romain Jeantet, Thomas Croguennec, Gilles Garric, Gérard Brulé
Livre à la fois synthétique et complet, Initiation à la technologie fromagère présente les principales étapes de la transformation fromagère, de la coagulation du lait à l'affinage des fromages. En s'appuyant sur les acquis de la science laitière, il permet de mieux appréhender et comprendre les mécanismes physicochimiques et biologiques impliqués aux différentes étapes de cette transformation.Cette 2e édition intègre les dernières connaissances en matière de composition et de structure des constituants du lait. Elle met en avant des liens entre physicochimie laitière, paramètres technologiques appliqués et caractéristiques des fromages obtenus.
Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
La vaccination est incontestablement l’une des interventions de santé publique les plus efficaces et les plus rentables qui soient. Les vaccins continuent de révolutionner notre capacité à prévenir les maladies et à améliorer la santé. Avec toutes les avancées technologiques, nous sommes en mesure d’étendre les avantages des vaccins à plus de gens et de fournir une meilleure protection contre les maladies infectieuses mortelles. Toutefois, avec le développement incessant de nouvelles souches microbiennes à travers le monde, la recherche en vaccinologie se doit d’innover continuellement. D’énormes progrès ont été réalisés pour améliorer la couverture vaccinale et introduire de nouveaux vaccins en Afrique. De nouveaux types de vaccins associés à des outils de vectorisation, d’administration et de délivrance spécifiques mais aussi des adjuvants susceptibles de moduler finement la réponse immunitaire sont attendus dans le futur. En Afrique, il est nécessaire de développer une approche régionale afin de répondre efficacement aux nombreux défis. Une meilleure information, la formation des personnels de santé en vaccinologie et des recherches bien ciblées sont les clés des futurs accomplissements dans le domaine.
ImmunologieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Maternal and child mortality remain pressing public health challenges in Africa, driven by preventable hematological disorders such as anemia, hemorrhage, malaria-induced hemolysis, and hematologic complications of infections. These conditions are further compounded by limited diagnostic infrastructure and delayed access to advanced interventions. This narrative review explores emerging and innovative hematological strategies aimed at reducing maternal and child deaths across the continent. It highlights the role of novel diagnostic tools such as point-of-care hematology analyzers, genetic screening for inherited blood disorders, and rapid hemoglobin quantification in improving early detection and treatment. Advancements in iron supplementation, transfusion safety, and regenerative hematology, including the use of stem cell-based therapies, are discussed as transformative solutions. Moreover, the integration of digital health platforms and community-based blood surveillance systems offers new opportunities to strengthen maternal and neonatal care. By synthesizing current evidence, this review underscores the potential of hematology-centered innovations to close equity gaps, enhance survival outcomes, and accelerate progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3.1 and 3.2) in Africa.
Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueParasitologie et mycologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 This is an open access article distributed under the(CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Le CABYV (Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus) est un polérovirus dont l’intensité des symptômes (jaunissement) varie énormément suivant la saison et les variétés. Il n’affecte pas la qualité des fruits mais il engendre une baisse conséquente du rendement (avortement des fleurs femelles). Ce virus est transmis par pucerons selon le mode persistant. L’inoculation mécanique du CABYV est impossible.
Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacognosie, phytothérapie et médecine traditionnelleLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Le mildiou provoqué par Phytophthora infestans est une maladie redoutable vis-à-vis des Solanacées sauvages et cultivées (pomme de terre, tomate…). Les épidémies sont explosives avec un cycle majoritairement aérien et peuvent provoquer jusqu’à 100 % de pertes de rendement. L'évaluation de la diversité des populations et du pouvoir pathogène des isolats (virulence et agressivité) est nécessaire pour apprécier le comportement du matériel végétal. Le test décrit ici permet d'apprécier l'agressivité des isolats ou le niveau de résistance partielle des variétés. Il est réalisé en inoculant des folioles détachées provenant de plantes cultivées en serre avec une suspension de sporanges de P. infestans. Après incubation, différents critères sont notés. Les spécificités liées à l'application du test pour la détermination du profil de virulence seront expliquées en encart.
Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The widespread insecticide resistance raises concerns for vector control implementation and sustainability particularly for the control of the main vector of human malaria, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. However, the extent to which insecticide resistance mechanisms interfere with the development of the malignant malaria parasite in its vector and their impact on overall malaria transmission remains unknown. We explore the impact of insecticide resistance on the outcome of Plasmodium falciparum infection in its natural vector using three An. gambiae strains sharing a common genetic background, one susceptible to insecticides and two resistant, one homozygous for the ace-1R mutation and one for the kdr mutation. Experimental infections of the three strains were conducted in parallel with field isolates of P. falciparum from Burkina Faso (West Africa) by direct membrane feeding assays. Both insecticide resistant mutations influence the outcome of malaria infection by increasing the prevalence of infection. In contrast, the kdr resistant allele is associated with reduced parasite burden in infected individuals at the oocyst stage, when compared to the susceptible strain, while the ace-1 R resistant allele showing no such association. Thus insecticide resistance, which is particularly problematic for malaria control efforts, impacts vector competence towards P. falciparum and probably parasite transmission through increased sporozoite prevalence in kdr resistant mosquitoes. These results are of great concern for the epidemiology of malaria considering the widespread pyrethroid resistance currently observed in Sub-Saharan Africa and the efforts deployed to control the disease.
Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
Antoine Sanou, Luca Nelli, W. Moussa Guelbéogo, Fatoumata Cissé, Madou Tapsoba, Pierre Ouédraogo, N’falé Sagnon, Hilary Ranson, Jason Matthiopoulos, Heather M. Ferguson
The decline in malaria across Africa has been largely attributed to vector control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, this intervention has prompted widespread insecticide resistance (IR) and been associated with changes in mosquito behaviour that reduce their contact with LLINs. The relative importance and rate at which IR and behavioural adaptations emerge are poorly understood. We conducted surveillance of mosquito behaviour and IR at 12 sites in Burkina Faso to assess the magnitude and temporal dynamics of insecticide, biting and resting behaviours in vectors in the 2-year period following mass LLIN distribution. Insecticide resistance was present in all vector populations and increased rapidly over the study period. In contrast, no longitudinal shifts in LLIN-avoidance behaviours (earlier or outdoor biting and resting) were detected. There was a moderate but statistically significant shift in vector species composition from Anopheles coluzzii to Anopheles gambiae which coincided with a reduction in the proportion of bites preventable by LLINs; possibly driven by between-species variation in behaviour. These findings indicate that adaptations based on insecticide resistance arise and intensify more rapidly than behavioural shifts within mosquito vectors. However, longitudinal shifts in mosquito vector species composition were evident within 2 years following a mass LLIN distribution. This ecological shift was characterized by a significant increase in the exophagic species (An. gambiae) and coincided with a predicted decline in the degree of protection expected from LLINs. Although human exposure fell through the study period due to reducing vector densities and infection rates, such ecological shifts in vector species along with insecticide resistance were likely to have eroded the efficacy of LLINs. While both adaptations impact malaria control, the rapid increase of the former indicates this strategy develops more quickly in response to se
Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original autho
BackgroundIn the context of intensified malaria control efforts in Burkina Faso, this study assessed i) the insecticide resistance status of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and ii) key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Bobo-Dioulasso.MethodsWorld Health Organization–standard susceptibility bioassays were conducted on Anopheles populations collected from six neighborhoods (Kua, Sarfalao, Sabaribougou, Dogona, Farakan and Kodeni). The bioassays tested six insecticides organochlorines (4%dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), organophosphates (1.25% pirimiphos-methyl), pyrethroids (0.75%permethrin, 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.05% alpha-cypermethrin), and carbamates (0.1% bendiocarb). Synergist bioassays using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were also performed to investigate metabolic resistance mechanisms, and Plasmodium infection rates were determined via Polymerase Chain Reaction.ResultsOverall, data revealed high resistance levels to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and pyrethroids, which are associated with moderate or higher frequencies of knockdown resistance mutations (L995F and L995S). Fortunately, a susceptibility to bendiocarb and pirimiphos-methyl was found in the majority of localities. The restoration of pyrethroid susceptibility following piperonyl butoxide pre-exposure suggests the involvement of metabolic resistance mechanisms. Analysis of 622 specimens from the Anopheles gambiae complex revealed a predominance of An. arabiensis (90.8%), followed by An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii. Sporozoite infection rates varied by species, reaching 45% in An. coluzzii, 27.4% in An. arabiensis, and 16.2% in An. gambiae s.s. The overall entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was estimated at 10.6 infectious bites per person during the study period. Anopheles arabiensis contributed most of these bites (91.2%), highlighting its central role in malaria transmission in Bobo-Dioulasso.ConclusionsDespite insecticide resistance, Anopheles populations exhibited high Plasmodium i
Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original autho
BackgroundInsecticide resistance in malaria vectors is a growing concern in many countries which requires immediate attention because of the limited chemical arsenal available for vector control. The current extent and distribution of this resistance in many parts of the continent is unknown and yet such information is essential for the planning of effective malaria control interventions.MethodsIn 2008, a network was established, with financial support from WHO/TDR, to investigate the extent of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in five African countries. Here, the results of bioassays on Anopheles gambiae sensu lato from two rounds of monitoring from 12 sentinel sites in three of the partner countries are reported.ResultsResistance is very heterogeneous even over relatively small distances. Furthermore, in some sites, large differences in mortality rates were observed during the course of the malaria transmission season. Using WHO diagnostic doses, all populations from Burkina Faso and Chad and two of the four populations from Sudan were classified as resistant to permethrin and/or deltamethrin. Very high frequencies of DDT resistance were found in urban areas in Burkina Faso and Sudan and in a cotton-growing district in Chad. In areas where both An. gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis were present, resistance was found in both species, although generally at a higher frequency in An gambiae s.s. Anopheles gambiae s.l. remains largely susceptible to the organophosphate fenitrothion and the carbamate bendiocarb in the majority of the sentinel sites with the exception of two sites in Burkina Faso. In the cotton-growing region of Soumousso in Burkina Faso, the vector population is resistant to all four classes of insecticide available for malaria control.ConclusionsPossible factors influencing the frequency of resistant individuals observed in the sentinel sites are discussed. The results of this study highlight the importance of standardized longitudinal inse
Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Richard H Hunt, Godwin Fuseini, Steve Knowles, Joseph Stiles-Ocran, Rolf Verster, Maria L Kaiser, Kwang Shik Choi, Lizette L Koekemoer, Maureen Coetzee
BackgroundMalaria vector control programmes that rely on insecticide-based interventions such as indoor house spraying with residual insecticides or insecticide treated bed nets, need to base their decision-making process on sound baseline data. More and more commercial entities in Africa, such as mining companies, are realising the value to staff productivity of controlling malaria transmission in their areas of operation.This paper presents baseline entomological data obtained during surveys conducted for four mining operations in Ghana, West Africa.ResultsThe vast majority of the samples were identified as Anopheles gambiae S form with only a few M form specimens being identified from Tarkwa. Plasmodium falciparum infection rates ranged from 4.5 to 8.6% in An. gambiae and 1.81 to 8.06% in An. funestus. High survival rates on standard WHO bioassay tests were recorded for all insecticide classes except the organophosphates that showed reasonable mortality at all locations (i.e. > 90%). The West African kdr mutation was detected and showed high frequencies in all populations.ConclusionsThe data highlight the complexity of the situation prevailing in southern Ghana and the challenges facing the malaria vector control programmes in this region. Vector control programmes in Ghana need to carefully consider the resistance profiles of the local mosquito populations in order to base their resistance management strategies on sound scientific data.
Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
BackgroundRecent outbreaks of dengue and other Aedes aegypti-borne arboviruses highlight the importance of a rapid response for effective vector control. Data on insecticide resistance and underlying mechanisms are essential for outbreak preparedness, but are sparse in much of Africa. We investigated the levels and heterogeneity of insecticide resistance and mechanisms of Ae. aegypti from contrasting settings within and around Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.Methodology/Principal findingsBioassays were performed on larvae and adults to diagnose prevalence of resistance, and to assess levels where resistance was detected. Investigation of resistance mechanisms was performed using synergist bioassays, knockdown resistance (kdr) target site mutation genotyping and quantitative PCR expression analysis of candidate P450 genes.Larval dose-response assays indicated susceptibility to the organophosphates tested. Adult females were also susceptible to organophosphates, but resistance to carbamates was suspected in urban and semi-urban localities. Females from all localities showed resistance to pyrethroids but resistance prevalence and level were higher in urban and especially in semi-urban areas, compared to the rural population. Environment was also associated with susceptibility: adults reared from larvae collected in tires from the semi-urban site were significantly less resistant to pyrethroids than those collected from large outdoor drinking water containers (‘drums’). Susceptibility to both pyrethroids tested was largely restored by pre-exposure to Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), suggesting a strong metabolic basis to resistance.The 1534C kdr mutation was nearly fixed in semi-urban and urban areas but was far less common in the rural area, where the 1016I kdr mutation frequency was also significantly lower. P450 gene analysis detected limited over-expression of single candidates but significantly elevated average expression in the semi-urban site compared to both a susceptible la
Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : Creative Commons Attribution License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Francis Anto, Victor Asoala, Thomas Anyorigiya, Abraham Oduro, Martin Adjuik, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Dominic Dery, Langbong Bimi, Abraham Hodgson
BackgroundMalaria is a major public health problem in Ghana. The current strategy of the National Malaria Control Programme is based on effective case management and the use of insecticide treated bed nets among vulnerable groups such as children under-five years of age and pregnant women. Resistance to pyrethroids by Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus has been reported in several African countries including neighbouring Burkina Faso.MethodsIndoor resting Anopheles mosquitoes were collected. Blood-fed and gravid females were allowed to oviposit, eggs hatched and larvae reared to 1–3 days old adults and tested against permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, cyfluthrin 0.15%, lambdacyhalothrin 0.1% and DDT 4%, based on WHO methodology. PCR analyses were carried out on a sub-sample of 192 of the An. gambiae for sibling species complex determination. Resistance to pyrethroids and DDT was determined by genotyping the knock-down resistance kdr gene mutations in the study area.ResultsA total of 9,749 1–3 days-old F1 female Anopheles mosquitoes were exposed to the insecticides. Among the pyrethroids, permethrin, 0.75% had the least knockdown effect, whilst cyfluthrin 0.15%, had the highest knock-down effect. Overall, no difference in susceptibility between An. gambiae 93.3% (95% CI: 92.5–94.1) and An. funestus 94.5% (95% CI: 93.7–95.3) was observed when exposed to the pyrethroids. Similarly, there was no difference in susceptibility between the two vector species (An. gambiae = 79.1% (95% CI: 76.6–81.8) and An. funestus = 83.5% (95% CI: 80.2–86.4) when exposed to DDT. Overall susceptibility to the insecticides was between 80% and 98%, suggesting that there is some level of resistance, except for cyfluthrin 0.15%. The kdr PCR assay however, did not reveal any kdr mutations. The analysis also revealed only the molecular M (Mopti) form.ConclusionThe findings in this study show that An. gambiae and An. funestus, the main malaria vector mosquitoes in the Kassena-Nankana
Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueMicrobiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Licence : This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Dieudonné Diloma Soma, Barnabas Zogo, Domonbabele François de Sales Hien, Aristide Sawdetuo Hien, Didier Alexandre Kaboré, Mahamadi Kientega, Anicet Georges Ouédraogo, Cédric Pennetier, Alphonsine Amanan Koffi, Nicolas Moiroux, Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
BackgroundThe rapid spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and the rebound in malaria cases observed recently in some endemic areas underscore the urgent need to evaluate and deploy new effective control interventions. A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted with the aim to investigate the benefit of deploying complementary strategies, including indoor residual spraying (IRS) with pirimiphos-methyl in addition to long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Diébougou, southwest Burkina Faso.MethodsWe measured the susceptibility of the Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) population from Diébougou to conventional insecticides. We further monitored the efficacy and residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl on both cement and mud walls using a laboratory susceptible strain (Kisumu) and the local An. gambiae (s.l.) population.ResultsAn. gambiae (s.l.) from Diébougou was resistant to DDT, pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin and alphacypermethrin) and bendiocarb but showed susceptibility to organophosphates (pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrimiphos-methyl). A mixed-effect generalized linear model predicted that pirimiphos-methyl applied on cement or mud walls was effective for 210 days against the laboratory susceptible strain and 247 days against the local population. The residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl against the local population on walls made of mud was similar to that of cement (OR = 0.792, [0.55–1.12], Tukey’s test p-value = 0.19).ConclusionsIf data on malaria transmission and malaria cases (as measured trough the RCT) are consistent with data on residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl regardless of the type of wall, one round of IRS with pirimiphos-methyl would have the potential to control malaria in a context of multi-resistant An. gambiae (s.l.) for at least 7 months.
Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as
Netsanet Worku, Antoine Sanou, Juliane Hartke, Marion Morris, Fatoumata Cissé, Salimata Ouédraogo, Madou Tapsoba, Nicola Vallon, Tewodros Debebe Akilu, Ligabaw Worku, Moussa Wamdaogo Guelbeogo, Victoria A. Ingham
BackgroundMalaria remains a key contributor to mortality and morbidity across Africa, with the highest burden in children under 5. Insecticide-based vector control tools, which target the adult Anopheles mosquitoes, are the most efficacious tool in disease prevention. Due to the widespread use of these interventions, insecticide resistance to the most used classes of insecticides is now pervasive across Africa. Understanding the underlying mechanisms contributing to this phenotype is necessary to both track the spread of resistance and to design new tools to overcome it.MethodsHere, we compare the microbiota composition of insecticide-resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis from Burkina Faso, and in the latter case additionally from Ethiopia, to insecticide-susceptible populations.ResultsWe show that the microbiota composition between insecticide-resistant and -susceptible populations does not differ in Burkina Faso. This result is supported by data from laboratory colonies originating in Burkina Faso across two countries. In contrast, An. arabiensis from Ethiopia demonstrates clear differences in microbiota composition in those dying from and those surviving insecticide exposure. To further understand resistance in this An. arabiensis population, we performed RNAseq and saw differential expression of detoxification genes associated with insecticide resistance and changes in respiration, metabolism and synapse-related ion channels.ConclusionsOur results indicate that, in addition to changes in the transcriptome, microbiota can contribute to insecticide resistance in certain settings.Graphical Abstract Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-024-06638-2.
Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as
Ali Sié, Mamadou Bountogo, Mamadou Ouattara, Pascal Zabre, Cheik Bagagnan, Alphonse Zakane, Jessica Brogdon, Elodie Lebas, Ying Lin, William W Godwin, Till Bärnighausen, Thomas M Lietman, Catherine E Oldenburg
AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated universal insecticide-treated bed net access and use in children <5 y of age in a rural area of Burkina Faso.MethodsA door-to-door enumerative census was conducted in Nouna District, Burkina Faso in December 2018 through April 2019. The most recent mass bed net distribution campaign occurred in June 2016. Heads of households were interviewed about household bed net ownership and use by children <5 y of age. We evaluated the relationship between demographic and socio-economic factors and household universal bed net access and use by children.ResultsIn 23 610 households with at least one child <5 y of age, 71 329 bed nets were reported (94.5% insecticide-treated). One-third (35.2%) of households had universal access and two-thirds (67.0%) of children slept under an insecticide-treated net the previous night. Children in households with universal access more often slept under a net the previous night (adjusted odds ratio 4.81 [95% confidence interval 4.39–5.26]).ConclusionsBed net coverage was substantially less than the 80% World Health Organization target for universal coverage in Nouna District. Insecticide-treated nets were used preferentially for children, but important gaps remain in consistent bed net use in this population. Structural and behavioural interventions are needed to close these gaps.
Parasitologie et mycologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesPédiatrieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Souleymane Diabaté, Thomas Druetz, Emmanuel Bonnet, Seni Kouanda, Valéry Ridde, Slim Haddad
BackgroundPeriodic mass distributions contribute significantly to universal access to insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). However, due to the limited number of nets distributed, needs remain unsatisfied, particularly in large households.MethodsThis study was conducted in Kaya health district following the 2010 mass distribution of ITNs in Burkina Faso. Data were collected on the socio-economic and geo-spatial characteristics and ITN possession and utilization levels of 2,004 households. The study explored: 1) ITN access, in terms of intra-household saturation with ITNs (households with at least one ITN for every two members) correctly installed and in very good physical condition; and 2) factors influencing the decision to place under-five children under a net. Particular attention was given to vector control activities undertaken by mothers.ResultsOf the 2,004 households, 90% possessed at least one ITN. However, intra-household saturation with ITNs was below 60% in small households and below 20% in large ones (>6 members). Crude proportion ratios comparing possession and levels of intra-household saturation with ITNs varied between 1.5 (small households) and 7.8 (large households). The proportions of households with ITNs for every two members that were correctly hung or in very good physical condition ranged from 0% to 6.5% in large households and 27.8% to 40.7% in small ones. ITN use to protect under-five children was lower in large households; it was significantly higher when there was at least one ITN for every two members. In large households, it was significantly higher when a child had experienced an episode of any illness in the previous two weeks and when the mother had taken actions to control vector proliferation. In small households, ITN use was significantly higher in families with agricultural land and children aged 12–23 months.ConclusionOwnership rates were high, but real access to bed nets remained limited. The allocation process disadvantages large fa
Parasitologie et mycologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesPédiatrieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distr
Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Gynécologie-obstétriqueLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.