La bibliothèque des étudiants en santé

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  Diagnostic moléculaire du Cytomégalovirus (CMV), de l’herpès virus humain de type 6 (HHV6) et d’Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) par PCR en temps réel chez les femmes enceintes VIH séropositives et séronégatives à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  Alice Rogomenoma Ouedraogo, Madeleine Kabre, Cyrille Bisseye, Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon, Maleki Asshi, Serge Théophile Soubeiga, Birama Diarra, Lassina Traore, Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma, Djénéba Ouermi, Virginio Pietra, Nicolas Barro, Jacques Simpore

  IntroductionLes herpès virus EBV, CMV et HHV-6 sont des virus qui évoluent sous le modèle pandémique et sont responsables d’infections congénitales pouvant provoquer des séquelles graves chez les nouveau-nés. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les prévalences de CMV, EBV et HHV-6 chez les femmes enceintes VIH(+) et VIH(-) à Ouagadougou.MéthodesDans cette étude 200 échantillons de plasma sanguin de femmes enceintes dont 100 femmes VIH(+) et 100 femmes VIH(-) ont été diagnostiqués par PCR multiplex en temps réel pour les trois infections (EBV, CMV et HHV-6).RésultatsSur l’ensemble des 200 échantillons analysés, 18 (9,0%) étaient positifs à au moins un des trois virus, 12 (6,0%) étaient positifs au EBV, 13 (6,5%) au CMV et 12 (6,0%) positifs au HHV-6. Parmi les 18 cas d’infections, nous avons trouvé 10 cas (55,6%) de coïnfections dont 90,0% (9/10) d’infection multiple EBV/CMV/HHV6 et 10,0% de coinfection EBV/HHV6. Le taux d’infection HHVs était plus élevé chez les femmes VIH(-) que celles VIH(+) (12,0% versus 6,0%). Parmi les VIH(+), la PCR a révélé 7,1% (soit 6/85) d’infection HHVs chez celles qui n’étaient pas sous ARV contre 0% chez celles sous ARV.ConclusionLes herpès virus sont fréquents chez les femmes enceintes au Burkina Faso et pourraient constituer une menace chez ces dernières à cause des complications et des risques d’infection pour le nouveau-né.

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Diagnostic Performance of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein-2 Antigen-Specific Rapid Diagnostic Test in Children at the Peripheral Health Care Level in Nanoro (Burkina Faso)

  (1) Background: Malaria control has strongly benefited from the implementation of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The malaria RDTs used in Burkina Faso, as per the recommendation of the National Malaria Control Program, are based on the detection of histidine-rich protein-2 (PfHRP2) specific to Plasmodium falciparum, which is the principal plasmodial species causing malaria in Burkina Faso. However, there is increasing concern about the diagnostic performance of these RDTs in field situations, and so constant monitoring of their accuracy is warranted. (2) Methods: A prospective study was performed in the health district of Nanoro, where 391 febrile children under 5 years with an axillary temperature ≥37.5 °C presenting at participating health facilities were subjected to testing for malaria. The HRP2-based RDT and expert microscopy were used to determine the diagnostic performance of the former. Retrospectively, the correctness of the antimalaria prescriptions was reviewed. (3) Results: Taking expert malaria microscopy as the gold standard, the sensitivity of the employed RDT was 98.5% and the specificity 40.5%, with a moderate agreement between the RDT testing and microscopy. In total, 21.7% of cases received an inappropriate antimalarial treatment based on a retrospective assessment with expert microscopy results. (4) Conclusion: Malaria remains one of the principal causes of febrile illness in Burkina Faso. Testing with HRP2-based RDTs is inaccurate, in particular, due to the low specificity, which results in an over-prescription of antimalarials, with emerging antimalarial drug resistance as an important risk and many children not being treated for potential other causes of fever.

  Microbiologie (bactériologie, virologie)Parasitologie et mycologiePharmacologieLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().

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  Diagnostic scanographique d’une hernie inguino-scrotale de la vessie à propos d’un cas

  Nfally Badji, Hamidou Deme, Geraud Akpo, Mouhamadou Toure, Boucar Ndong, El Hadji Niang

  We report the case of a patient aged 67 with a history of inguinal hernia, which featured a large painless purse evolving for several months associated with urinary disorders like urinary frequency. Ultrasound allowed highlight an emptiness of bladder lodge, urinary stasis and fluid collection in the scrotum that was mentioned a hydrocele. The abdominal pelvic CT revealed a bladder intra scrotal right situation associated with an inguinal hernia and direct left to bilateral urinary stasis. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical exploration. The postoperative course was uneventful. The inguinoscrotal hernia exclusively bladder content is an exceptional entity. CT should be sought before any inguinoscrotal hernia associated with urinary disorders ( Mery 's Sign ).

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Diagnostic tardif d'une hyperoxalurie primitive au stade d'insuffisance rénale chronique terminale avec hypoparathyroïdie sévère

  Zineb El Ghali, Zineb Ait Lahcen, Wafaa Fadili, Abderrahim Idrissi Kaitouni, Mohamed Hakkou, Abderrachid Hamdaoui, Inass Laouad

  L'hyperoxalurie primitive est une anomalie métabolique congénitale rare caractérisée par un excès de production avec accumulation d'oxalate secondaire à un déficit enzymatique hépatique. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient de 18 ans qui avait comme antécédent des lithiases rénales récidivantes depuis l'enfance évoluant vers l'insuffisance rénale chronique terminale, mis en hémodialyse périodique depuis 4 ans avec apparition d'une anémie résistante à l’érythropoïétine pour laquelle il a été multitransfusé et qui était admis pour prise en charge de douleurs osseuses invalidantes d'aggravation progressive associées à un syndrome tumoral fait d'adénopathies périphériques et de splénomégalie avec dyspnée et altération de l’état général. Le bilan réalisé avait objectivé de multiples images lytiques lacunaires et condensantes au niveau des poignets et des mains avec des petits reins calcifiés, une pleurésie avec péricardite de grande abondance drainée, une ascite de moyenne abondance avec splénomégalie homogène, une anémie normochrome normocytaire à 7.2 g/dl avec hyperferritinémie à 1129 μg/l et un syndrome inflammatoire biologique. La calcémie était spontanément normale à 97 mg/l avec hyperphosphorémie à 83 mg/l et hypoparathyroïdie à 74,85 pg/ml. Les PAL étaient à 136 UI/l, l'aluminium sérique à 13μg/l et la Vitamine D native à 20,87ng/ml. Le diagnostic d'hyperoxalurie a été retenu sur les données de la biopsie ostéomédullaire objectivant des dépôts de cristaux d'oxalate de calcium avec fibrose médullaire et réaction macrophagique à corps étranger. L’évolution a été marquée par la survenue de fractures spontanées récidivantes au niveau de l’épaule et des 2 hanches.

  HématologieLicence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Diagnostic tomodensitométrique d’une hernie de Spiegel étranglée: à propos d’une observation

  Geraud Akpo, Hamidou Deme, Nfally Badji, Fallou Niang, Mohamadou Toure, Ibrahima Niang, Malick Diouf, El Hadj Niang

  Nous rapportons un cas de hernie de Spiegel compliquée d'occlusion chez une femme de 86 ans dont le diagnostic a été posé à la tomodensitométrie Elle avait consulté aux urgences chirurgicales pour des douleurs de la fosse iliaque droite d'apparitions brutales associées à des vomissements. L'examen physique a retrouvé une patiente fébrile (38,2°), une masse localisée à la fosse iliaque droite ferme, sensible et mobile par rapport aux deux plans. La tomodensitométrie abdominale avait objectivé au niveau de la fosse iliaque droite, en avant de l'aponévrose du muscle oblique externe, un sac herniaire avec un collet mesuré à 13 mm. Il contenait de la graisse et une anse grêle en arceau présentant deux zones de transition donnant un aspect de double bec au niveau du collet. La paroi de l'anse incarcérée ne se rehaussait pas après injection de produit de contraste. Le diagnostic de hernie de spiegel étranglée avec signe d'ischémie artérielle de la paroi digestive a été retenu. Le traitement a été chirurgical avec des suites opératoires simples.

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Diagnostics différentiels d'images d'hypofixations sur une scintigraphie du squelette: à propos d'un cas de leucémie aigue lymphoblastique

  Nisrine Bahadi, Abdelhamid Biyi, Salah Nabih Oueriagli, Abderrahim Doudouh

  Si les hyperfixations sont la traduction scintigraphique habituelle de nombreuses pathologies osseuses, les hypofixations sont un événement rare et suscitent souvent analyse minutieuse afin d’éviter des interprétations erronés. Nous rapportons ici l'observation d'un adolescent de 17 ans admis pour douleurs osseuses diffuses, une hypercalcémie et une thrombopénie. La scintigraphie du squelette a montré des foyers d'hypofixations. L’étude de la moelle osseuse a conclu au diagnostic de leucémie aigue lymphoblastique. A travers ce cas clinique, nous discutons les principaux diagnostics différentiels soulevés par de telles anomalies scintigraphiques.

  Licence : The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Diagrammes des aliments du Chien et du Chat Première édition 2020

  Sébastien Lefebvre

  BiochimieBiologie cellulaire et moléculaireLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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  Dialyse à domicile et activité physique : état des connaissances et recommandations pour le néphrologue

  Stéphane Roueff, Erwan Potfer

  La DAD favorise l’autonomie des patients dialysés et devrait s’accompagner, chez ces patients, d’un niveau d’activité physique et de capacités physiques plus élevés qu’en hémodialyse conventionnelle. Il n’existe pas de données concernant les patients en HDQ et chez les patients en DP, on constate un niveau d’activité physique et des capacités physiques similaires aux patients en HD conventionnelle. Il n’existe pas d’étude évaluant l’effet d’un programme de réentrainement chez les patients en HDQ. Plusieurs études ont montré la faisabilité et la sécurité de programmes de réentrainement chez les patients en DP avec des effets bénéfiques sur la qualité de vie et les capacités physiques. La pratique régulière d’une activité physique (AP), 30 minutes, 5 fois par semaine, est recommandée pour les patients dialysés. Toutes les périodes d’AP d’intensité faible à modérée doivent être prises en compte dans le calcul des 30 minutes et il est ainsi possible/souhaitable d’intégrer les AP de la vie quotidienne, les exercices physiques, et les activités sportives de loisirs. C’est le rôle des néphrologues de promouvoir la pratique d’une activité physique régulière envers leurs patients en s’appuyant éventuellement sur des professionnels de l’AP. Il sera de leur compétence d’évaluer la condition physique des patients, leur motivation et en fonction de leur mode de vie, de concevoir des programmes de réhabilitation physique, individualisés pour chaque patient. Ces professionnels superviseront les programmes et autonomiseront les patients vers un mode de vie plus actif par une activité physique régulière. Le manque d’étude ne doit pas être un frein pour les néphrologues qui pourront s’appuyer sur des recommandations existantes issues de cardiologie et de l’ISPD.

  SémiologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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  DICAMES – archive du CAMES

  Conseil africain et malgache pour l'enseignement supérieur

  Archive scientifique des universités de l'espace CAMES (dont celles du Burkina) : thèses, articles, mémoires.

  Méthodologie de la recherche et thèseLicence : non-precisee

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  Dictionnaire de l'Académie nationale de médecine

  Académie nationale de médecine (France)

  Dictionnaire médical de référence en français : définitions précises des termes médicaux.

  AnatomieSémiologieMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : lecture-libre

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• Article libreArticleEn anglais

  Diet, Environments, and Gut Microbiota. A Preliminary Investigation in Children Living in Rural and Urban Burkina Faso and Italy

  Carlotta De Filippo, Monica Di Paola, Matteo Ramazzotti, Davide Albanese, Giuseppe Pieraccini, Elena Banci, Franco Miglietta, Duccio Cavalieri, Paolo Lionetti

  Diet is one of the main factors that affects the composition of gut microbiota. When people move from a rural environment to urban areas, and experience improved socio-economic conditions, they are often exposed to a “globalized” Western type diet. Here, we present preliminary observations on the metagenomic scale of microbial changes in small groups of African children belonging to the same ethnicity and living in different environments, compared to children living on the urban area of Florence (Italy). We analyzed dietary habits and, by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, gut microbiota profiles from fecal samples of children living in a rural village of Burkina Faso (n = 11), of two groups of children living in different urban settings (Nanoro town, n = 8; Ouagadougou, the capital city, n = 5) and of a group of Italian children (n = 13). We observed that when foods of animal origin, those rich in fat and simple sugars are introduced into a traditional African diet, composed of cereals, legumes and vegetables, the gut microbiota profiles changes. Microbiota of rural children retain a geographically unique bacterial reservoir (Prevotella, Treponema, and Succinivibrio), assigned to ferment fiber and polysaccharides from vegetables. Independently of geography and ethnicity, in children living in urban areas these bacterial genera were progressively outcompeted by bacteria more suited to the metabolism of animal protein, fat and sugar rich foods, similarly to Italian children, as resulted by PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States), a predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene. Consequently, we observed a progressive reduction of SCFAs measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, in urban populations, especially in Italian children, respect to rural ones. Our results even if in a limited number of individuals point out that dietary habit modifications in the course of urba

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiquePédiatrieLicence : This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in

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  Dietary Diversity and Undernutrition in Children Aged 6–23 Months in Sub-Saharan Africa

  Dietary diversity plays a major role in the health status of children. However, evidence on its crucial role on children’s health status remains inconclusive in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this study, we examined the association between dietary diversity and undernutrition among children aged 6–23 months in SSA. We pooled data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys of 32 countries in SSA from 2010 to 2020. A sample of 48,968 mother-child pairs of children within the ages of 6–23 months and mothers aged 15–49 years were included in this study. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between dietary diversity and stunting, wasting, and underweight. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The overall prevalence of minimum dietary diversity was 25.1%, with South Africa recording the highest prevalence (43.9%) and Burkina Faso recording the lowest prevalence (5.6%). The highest prevalence of stunting was recorded by Burundi (51.8%) while the lowest prevalence was found in Ghana (13.6%), with an overall regional prevalence of 28.6%. For wasting, prevalence from all countries was found to be 9.4%. South Africa recorded the lowest prevalence of wasting (2.1%) while Niger recorded the highest prevalence (27.3%). Lastly, the prevalence of underweight ranged from 5.3% in South Africa to 41.8% in Niger, with an all-country prevalence of 16.4%. Children who had adequate minimum dietary diversity had 12% less likelihood of being stunted (aOR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.83, 0.94), compared to those who had inadequate minimum dietary diversity. Having an adequate minimum dietary diversity significantly lowered the risk of underweight among children by 17% (aOR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.77, 0.91). Having an adequate minimum dietary diversity was associated with 13% reduced odds of wasting among children (aOR = 0.87,

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologiePédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ().

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  Dietary habits associated with growth development of children aged < 5 years in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Burkina Faso

  Isabel Mank, Alain Vandormael, Issouf Traoré, Windpanga Aristide Ouédraogo, Rainer Sauerborn, Ina Danquah

  BackgroundKnowing which dietary habits are associated with child growth could lead to better long-term health outcomes and improve the design of food-based interventions. We aimed to identify dietary habits that are associated with the growth development of children aged < 5 years living in rural Burkina Faso.MethodsThis study used cross-sectional baseline data from 514 children (8–59 months) within the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in 2018. Household socio-demographics and child dietary habits, height and weight were assessed. We constructed scores for dietary diversity (DDS) and food variety (FVS), and extracted exploratory dietary pattern scores (DPS) using principal component analysis (PCA). Child growth was measured using height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ). We used multiple-adjusted linear regressions considering for socio-economic factors to quantify associations.ResultsIn this study population (median 36 ± 14 months old), stunting (HAZ < − 2) was seen in 26% and wasting (WHZ < − 2) in 7%. The DDS (median 7 ± 2 food groups) was positively associated with WHZ, while the FVS (median 13 ± 8 food items) was inversely associated with HAZ. We identified 4 dietary patterns: leaves-based, beans and poultry-based, maize and fish-based, and millet and meat-based diets. Only the maize and fish-based diet showed a statistically significant and here positive trend for associations with WHZ.ConclusionGrowth development of children aged < 5 years continues to be a health problem in the Nouna HDSS. A higher dietary diversity and food variety and dietary patterns characterized by maize and fish and beans and poultry intake appear to be beneficial for growth of young children in this area.

  PédiatrieSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as

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  Dietary patterns and physical inactivity, two contributing factors to the double burden of malnutrition among adults in Burkina Faso, West Africa

  Augustin N. Zeba, Hélène F. Delisle, Genevieve Renier

  A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the northern neighbourhoods of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), to examine the relationship of nutritional deficiencies and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) with lifestyle in adults. We randomly selected 330 households stratified by income tertile. In each income stratum, 110 individuals aged 25–60 years and having lived in Ouagadougou for at least 6 months were randomly selected. We performed anthropometric, dietary intake and physical activity measurements, and blood sample collection. Cluster analysis of dietary intake identified two dietary patterns: ‘urban’ (29 % of subjects) and ‘traditional’ (71 %). The ‘urban’ cluster exhibited a higher intake of fat and sugar, whereas a higher intake of plant protein, complex carbohydrate and fibre was observed in the ‘traditional’ pattern. Female sex, low income and lack of education were associated with the ‘traditional’ cluster, as well as Fe and vitamin A deficiency. CMRF prevalence (abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia) was similar in both clusters. Subjects in the ‘traditional’ cluster spent more time in physical activity and had less sedentary time than those in the ‘urban’ cluster. ‘Traditional’ dietary pattern, low income, female sex and sedentary time were significant contributing factors to the double burden of malnutrition. The rapid nutrition transition is reflected in this co-occurrence of CMRF and nutritional deficiencies. This stresses the need for prevention strategies addressing both ends of the nutrition spectrum.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Santé publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license <.

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  Dietary patterns and their socioeconomic factors of adherence among adults in urban Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study

  Konstantin Weil, Issa Coulibaly, Hannah Fuelbert, Alina Herrmann, Roch Modeste Millogo, Ina Danquah

  BackgroundSub-Saharan African populations undergo a nutrition transition towards diets associated with increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. For targeted prevention, we aimed to characterize dietary patterns and determine their sociodemographic factors of adherence.MethodsWe recruited 1,018 adults aged > = 25 years from two formal and three informal settlements within the Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, between February and April 2021. In a cross-sectional sample, a culture-specific food-propensity questionnaire with 134 food items and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to collect the data. Exploratory dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis, and sociodemographic factors of adherence were calculated using multivariable linear regression models.ResultsIn this study population (median age: 42 years, interquartile range 21 years; male: 35.7%), the diet relied on starchy foods and other plant-based staples with rare consumption of animal-based products. We identified three dietary patterns, explaining 10.2%, 9.8%, and 8.9% of variation in food intake, respectively: a meat and egg-based pattern associated with younger age, male sex, better education, and economic situation; a fish-based pattern prevailed among women, higher educational levels, and better economic situation; and a starchy food-based was associated with younger age and sharing a home with other adults.ConclusionsThis study population is at an early stage of the nutrition transition and shows low intakes of health-beneficial food groups. Yet, progress along the nutrition transition varies according to age, educational attainment, and economic status. Particularly, younger and well-off people seem to adhere more strongly to diets high in animal-based products. These findings can inform strategies in public health nutrition for sub-Saharan African populations.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplem

  Médecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Santé publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as

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  Differences and structural weaknesses of institutional mechanisms for health research ethics: Burkina Faso, Palestine, Peru, and Democratic Republic of the Congo

  N’koué Emmanuel Sambiéni

  BackgroundRegardless of national contexts, the institutions responsible for research ethics, founded on international regulations, are all expected to be structured and to operate in a common way. Our experience with several countries on different continents, however, has raised questions in this regard. This article examines the differences and structural weaknesses of ethics committees in four countries (Burkina Faso, Palestine, Peru, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) where we have conducted the same socio-anthropological study in the field of reproductive health.MethodsIn addition to recording our observations during field surveys for this study, we performed a documentary review and interviewed expert members of ethics committees, research participants, and researchers who had experience with requesting ethics approvals for research protocols in the field of social sciences and health.ResultsThe results of this study showed that, despite having the same mandate, the committees functioned differently, while they all exhibited the same weaknesses. Thus, the universalization and standardization of institutional conditions for applying ethical standards in research still present problems that are, at the very least, relevant.ConclusionThis study on ethics committees in four countries demonstrated the profound influence of context on the ways in which different institutions function and enforce regulations. In effect, in all social fields, every innovation is infused by its context.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid

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  Différences d'espérance de vie sans incapacité dans les départements français : premiers résultats à partir de l'enquête Vie Quotidienne et Santé

  Maude Crouzet, Amélie Carrère, Caroline Laborde, Didier Breton, Emmanuelle Cambois

  Les espérances de vie sans incapacité ainsi que leurs déterminants individuels ont fait l'objet de nombreux travaux, en France comme dans l'ensemble des pays à faible mortalité. En revanche, à l’échelle infra-nationale les études sont très rares, faute d’enquête mesurant les niveaux d’incapacité représentative à cet échelon. Pourtant, à l'instar des écarts infra-nationaux de mortalité déjà démontrés, il y a tout lieu de penser que l'indicateur national d'espérance de vie sans incapacité recouvre d'importantes inégalités territoriales. En 2014, l’enquête Vie Quotidienne et Santé (VQS) offre la possibilité de calculer, pour la première fois, les niveaux d’incapacité des 60 ans et plus à partir d’un échantillon représentatif à l’échelle départementale. Nous mobilisons les données de cette enquête pour, dans un premier temps, calculer l’espérance de vie sans incapacité dans chacun des 100 départements français, puis, dans un second temps, mettre en lien cet indicateur avec les limitations fonctionnelles rencontrées par la population des 60 ans et plus. Les premiers résultats mettent en évidence de forts écarts départementaux concernant l’incapacité, selon une géographie proche de celle des écarts de mortalité. Les départements dans lesquels l’espérance de vie sans incapacité est faible se caractérisent par une forte prévalence des limitations fonctionnelles touchant les fonctions physiques.

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieSanté publiqueLicence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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  Différences entre les pieds bots diagnostiqués avant et après la naissance : une étude rétrospective

  Clément Brugidou

  Le diagnostic prénatal (DPrN) du pied bot varus équin (PBVE) peut être réalisé lors de l’échographie morphologique du deuxième trimestre. Par la suite, les familles sont orientées vers un centre spécialisé afin d’être informées des différentes options thérapeutiques et pour se préparer au long et contraignant traitement de cette pathologie. La littérature montre que le principal facteur pronostic du PBVE est la précocité de la prise en charge, et souligne l’importance du diagnostic prénatal dans la préparation des parents et dans l’optimisation du délai entre la naissance et la prise en charge. Néanmoins, on retrouve peu d’informations sur les différences de pronostic entre un pied bot ayant bénéficié d’un diagnostic post-natal (DPoN) et un pied bot diagnostiqué au cours du suivi prénatal, à prise en charge équivalente. Nous avons donc conduit une étude rétrospective pour mettre en évidence une différence de pronostic entre ces deux groupes. Les pieds bots diagnostiqués lors de l’échographie anténatale étaient plus fréquemment bilatéraux, en cohérence avec la littérature. Le taux de DPrN dans notre série était inférieur à celui rapporté dans la littérature (53 % vs 75 %), mais s’est amélioré au fil des années pour atteindre un niveau comparable après 2015. Le pronostic des pieds bots semble similaire entre les deux groupes d’enfants, probablement car tous ont bénéficié d’un traitement précoce dans un centre de référence. Nos résultats peuvent donc rassurer les parents qui n’ont pas pu anticiper ou se préparer à cette pathologie en l’absence de diagnostic prénatal.

  SémiologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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  Differences in timing of mating swarms in sympatric populations of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae s.s. (formerly An. gambiae M and S molecular forms) in Burkina Faso, West Africa

  Simon P Sawadogo, Carlo Costantini, Cédric Pennetier, Abdoulaye Diabaté, Gabriella Gibson, Roch K Dabiré

  BackgroundThe M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles appear to have speciated in West Africa and the M form is now formally named An. coluzzii Coetzee & Wilkerson sp.n. and the S form retains the nominotypical name (abbreviated here to An. gambiae). Reproductive isolation is thought to be the main barrier to hybridisation; even though both species are found in the same mating swarms, hybrid fertilisations in copulae have not been found in the study area. The aim of the study, therefore, was to determine whether differences in circadian and/or environmental control over the timing of swarming in the two species contribute to reproductive isolation.MethodsThe timing of male swarming in these species was recorded four nights per month over four years at five swarming sites in each of two villages. The timing of the start and end of swarming, and the concurrent environmental parameters, temperature, humidity and light intensity, were recorded for n = 20 swarms/month/species. The timing of 'spontaneous’ activity at dusk of individual An. coluzzii and An. gambiae males was video-recorded in an actograph outdoors for 21 nights.ResultsOf the environmental parameters considered, swarming was most strongly correlated with sunset (r2 > 0.946). Anopheles gambiae started and stopped swarming earlier than An. coluzzii (3:35 ± 0:68 min:sec and 4:51 ± 1:21, respectively), and the mean duration of swarming was 23:37 ± 0:33 for An. gambiae and 21:39 ± 0:33 for An. coluzzii. Accordingly, in principle, whenever both species swarm over the same marker, a mean of 15.3 ± 3.1% of An. gambiae swarming would occur before An. coluzzii males arrived, and 19.5 ± 4.55% of An. coluzzii swarming would occurred after An. gambiae males had stopped swarming. These results are consistent with the finding that An. gambiae males became active in the actograph 09:35 ± 00:22 min:sec earlier than An. coluzzii males.ConclusionsThe timing of swarming and spontaneous activity at dusk are prim

  Santé publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Différenciation de la nécrose intra-tumorale entre phéochromocytomes de clusters 1 et 2

  Lise Ronger

  Introduction : le phéochromocytome est une tumeur neuroendocrine sécrétant des catécholamines, développée aux dépens des cellules chromaffines de la médullosurrénale. Elle est rare et considérée comme bégnine mais pouvant engager le pronostic vital lors d’une décharge catécholaminergique. On distingue les tumeurs selon leur génotype et leur mécanisme de tumorigénèse mais aussi selon leur type de sécrétion. En imagerie, elle est souvent caractérisée par une nécrose centrale intra-tumorale. Il existe très peu de données dans la littérature quant à la genèse et le rôle physiopathologique de cette dernière. La nécrose n’est de ce fait jamais mesurée lors du diagnostic. Nous avons ainsi souhaité nous intéresser au travers de cette étude, aux corrélations pouvant potentiellement exister entre l’étendue de la nécrose intra-tumorale et les différentes sécrétions hormonales des phéochromocytomes. Méthodes : nous avons recensé de manière rétrospective, tous les patients majeurs opérés au CHU d’Amiens entre les années 2005 et 2022, d’un phéochromocytome surrénalien confirmé par un examen anatomopathologique et dont l’imagerie diagnostique (TDM ou IRM) ainsi que les dosages hormonaux étaient retrouvés dans la base de données. Le volume de la nécrose intra-tumorale a été mesuré manuellement par un radiologue spécialisé du CHU d’Amiens. Résultats : l’analyse de cette étude est effectuée sur un total de 49 patients inclus entre l’année 2005 et l’année 2022, dont 25 ont été répartis dans le groupe avec nécrose et 24 dans le groupe sans nécrose après estimation radiologique de la nécrose intra-tumorale. L’âge moyen au moment de la surrénalectomie était de 53,4 ± 15,2 ans. Les IRM ont été privilégiées pour l’étude de la nécrose intra-tumorale lorsqu’elles avaient été réalisées (9 patients). Nous avons obtenu une différence significative entre les deux sous-groupes concernant le volume tumoral, le sexe féminin et l’intensité de la sécrétion des métanéphrines urinaires après une analys

  SémiologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesMédecine interne (cardiologie, endocrinologie, néphrologie…)Licence : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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  Different approaches for delivery of Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) to pregnant women in Burkina Faso

  Alphonse Ouédraogo, Sheick O Coulibaly, Amidou Diarra, Abdoulaye Traoré, Sodiomon B Sirima, Pascal Magnussen

  Gynécologie-obstétriqueSanté publiqueLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Different delivery mechanisms for insecticide-treated nets in rural Burkina Faso: a provider's perspective

  Claudia Beiersmann, Manuela De Allegri, Justin Tiendrebéogo, Maurice Yé, Albrecht Jahn, Olaf Mueller

  BackgroundInsecticide-treated nets (ITNs) have been confirmed to be a very effective tool in malaria control. Two different delivery strategies for roll-out of ITN programmes have been the focus of debate in the last years: free distribution and distribution through commercial marketing systems. They are now seen as complementary rather than opponent. Acceptance of these programmes by the community and involved providers is an important aspect influencing their sustainability. This paper looks at how providers perceived, understood and accepted two interventions involving two different delivery strategies (subsidized sales supported by social marketing and free distribution to pregnant women attending antenatal care services).MethodsThe interventions took place in one province of north-western Burkina Faso in 2006 in the frame of a large randomized controlled ITN intervention study. For this descriptive qualitative study data were collected through focus group discussions and individual interviews. A total of four focus group discussions and eleven individual interviews have been conducted with the providers of the study interventions.ResultsThe free distribution intervention was well accepted and perceived as running well. The health care staff had a positive and beneficial view of the intervention and did not feel overwhelmed by the additional workload. The social marketing intervention was also seen as positive by the rural shopkeepers. However, working in market economy, shopkeepers feared the risk of unsold ITNs, due to the low demand and capacity to pay for the product in the community.ConclusionThe combination of ITN free distribution and social marketing was in general well accepted by the different providers. However, low purchasing power of clients and the resulting financial insecurities of shopkeepers remain a challenge to ITN social marketing in rural SSA.

  Parasitologie et mycologieMaladies infectieuses et tropicalesGynécologie-obstétriqueLicence : This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<url>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</url>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  Differential antibody response to the Anopheles gambiae gSG6 and cE5 salivary proteins in individuals naturally exposed to bites of malaria vectors

  Cinzia Rizzo, Fabrizio Lombardo, Raffaele Ronca, Valentina Mangano, Sodiomon Bienvenu Sirima, Issa Nèbiè, Gabriella Fiorentino, David Modiano, Bruno Arcà

  BackgroundMosquito saliva plays crucial roles in blood feeding but also evokes in hosts an anti-saliva antibody response. The IgG response to the Anopheles gambiae salivary protein gSG6 was previously shown to be a reliable indicator of human exposure to Afrotropical malaria vectors. We analyzed here the humoral response to the salivary anti-thrombin cE5 in a group of individuals from a malaria hyperendemic area of Burkina Faso.MethodsELISA was used to measure the anti-cE5 IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 antibody levels in plasma samples collected in the village of Barkoumbilen (Burkina Faso) among individuals of the Rimaibé ethnic group. Anti-gSG6 IgG levels were also determined for comparison. Anopheles vector density in the study area was evaluated by indoor pyrethrum spray catches.ResultsThe cE5 protein was highly immunogenic and triggered in exposed individuals a relatively long-lasting antibody response, as shown by its unchanged persistence after a few months of absent or very low exposure (dry season). In addition cE5 did not induce immune tolerance, as previously suggested for the gSG6 antigen. Finally, IgG subclass analysis suggested that exposed individuals may mount a Th1-type immune response against the cE5 protein.ConclusionsThe anti-cE5 IgG response is shown here to be a sensitive indicator of human exposure to anopheline vectors and to represent an additional tool for malaria epidemiological studies. It may be especially useful in conditions of low vector density, to monitor transiently exposed individuals (i.e. travellers/workers/soldiers spending a few months in tropical Africa) and to evaluate the impact of insecticide treated nets on vector control. Moreover, the gSG6 and cE5 salivary proteins were shown to trigger in exposed individuals a strikingly different immune response with (i) gSG6 evoking a short-lived IgG response, characterized by high IgG4 levels and most likely induction of immune tolerance, and (ii) cE5 eliciting a longer-living IgG response, do

  Biostatistiques et épidémiologieParasitologie et mycologieImmunologieLicence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original

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  Differential effects of dual and synergist-based insecticide-treated bed nets on pyrethroid resistance and L995F/S knockdown resistance mutation dynamics in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in south-western Burkina Faso

  Madou Tapsoba, Wamdaogo Moussa Guelbeogo, Antoine Sanou, Soumanaba Zongo, Christelle Gogue, Siaka Debe, Kyra Arnett, Kelly Davis, Jenny Shannon, Peder Digre, Julia Mwesigwa, Kenzie Tynuv, Christen Fornadel, Sagnon N’Falé, Molly Robertson, Joseph D. Challenger, Gauthier Tougri, Adama Gansané, Hilary Ranson, Gnankiné Olivier, Joseph Wagman

  BackgroundThe introduction of next-generation insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in Burkina Faso aims to mitigate pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors. This study evaluated the impact of different ITN types on phenotypic resistance and kdr mutation frequencies in Anopheles gambiae sensus lacto (s.l.) populations across three health districts over 3 years.MethodsAnnual mosquito collections were conducted in Banfora (where pyrethroid–chlorfenapyr nets had been distributed), Gaoua (pyrethroid-only ITNs) and Orodara (pyrethroid–piperonyl butoxide [PBO] ITNs). Two populations were analysed: adult females collected directly from the field and those reared from field-collected larvae. World Health Organization (WHO) susceptibility bioassays measured 24-h mortality after exposure to 1×, 5× and 10× concentrations of deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin, with and without pre-exposure to piperonyl butoxide. Frequencies of kdr mutations L995F and L995S were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsHigh-intensity resistance was observed in each study district, with mortality consistently below 45% and not reaching WHO thresholds even at 10× doses. PBO increased mortality, indicating metabolic resistance, but failed to restore full susceptibility. L995F predominated across all districts, years and mosquito populations. L995S remained low and variable. Pyr-only nets were associated with rising L995F frequencies and lower mortality in resistance assays. Pyrethroid (Pyr)–chlorfenapyr (CFR) nets improved mortality in resistance assays without increasing kdr prevalence. Pyr–PBO nets showed partial and inconsistent efficacy, with mosquitoes having mixed patterns in resistance assays. Similar patterns between field and laboratory-reared populations were observed.ConclusionsITN type strongly influenced resistance dynamics. Dual-active ingredient (AI) nets, particularly Pyr–CFR, appear more effective in managing resistance. Integrated resistance management combining ITN rotatio

  Biologie cellulaire et moléculaireGénétiqueBiostatistiques et épidémiologieLicence : Open Access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as

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